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88. 1;197(1):22-37.
6. Varsano S, Segev D, Shitrit D. Severe 16. F Schleicha, G Brusselleb, R Louisa, et eosinophilic and allergic asthma phenotype and therapeutic possibilities
and non-severe asthma in the commu- al. Heterogeneity of phenotypes in se-
nity: A large electronic database analy- vere asthmatics. The Belgian Severe
sis. Respir Med. 2017 Feb;123:131-9. Asthma Registry (BSAR). Respir Med.
7. Wang E, Wechsler ME, Tran TN, et 2014 Dec;108(12):1723-32.
al. Characterization of Severe Asthma 17. de Groot JC, ten Brinke A, Bel E. Man-
Worldwide: Data From the Internation- agement of the patient with eosinophil-
al Severe Asthma Registry. Chest. 2020 ic asthma: a new era begins. ERJ Open
Apr; 157(4):790-804. Res. 2015 Sep 23;1(1):00024-2015. doi:
8. Skloot, GS. Asthma phenotypes and 10.1183/23120541.00024-2015.
endotypes: a personalized approach to 18. Teague WG, Phillips BR, Fahy JV, et
treatment. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2016 al. Baseline Features of the Severe Asth-
Jan;22(1):3-9. ma Research Program (SARP III) Co-
9. Chung KF, Wenze SE, Brozek JL, et hort: Differences with Age. Aller-
al. International ERS/ATS guidelines gy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018 Mar-
on definition, evaluation and treatment Apr;6(2):545-54.e4.
of severe asthma. Eur Respir J. 2014 19. Silkoff PE, Laviolette M, Singh D, et al.
Feb;43(2):343-73. Longitudinal stability of asthma char-
10. Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and acteristics and biomarkers from the Air-
chronic asthma management; NICE ways Disease Endotyping for Person-
guideline [nternet]. NICE; 2017 Nov 26 alized Therapeutics (ADEPT) study.
[updated 2021 Mar 22]. Available from: Respir Res. 2016 Apr 23;17:43. doi:
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ 10.1186/s12931-016-0360-5.
ng80. 20. Shaw DE, Sousa AR, Fowler SJ, et al.
11. Schleicha F, Brusselleb G, Louisa R, et Clinical and inflammatory characteris-
al. Heterogeneity of phenotypes in se- tics of the European U-BIOPRED adult
vere asthmatics. The Belgian Severe severe asthma. Eur Respir J. 2015 Nov;
Asthma Registry (BSAR). Respir Med. 46(5):1308-21.
2014 Dec;108(12):1723-32. 21. Wenzel SE. Asthma phenotypes: the
12. Buhl R, Marc Humbert M, Bjermer evolution from clinical to molecular
L, et al. Severe eosinophilic asthma: approaches. Nature Med. 2012 May
a roadmap to consensus. ERJ Opens 4;18(5):716-25.
Res. 2017 May 1;49(5):1700634. doi: 22. Ray A, Camiolo M, Fitzpatrick A, et al.
10.1183/13993003.00634-2017. Are We Meeting the Promise of Endo-
13. Chung KF. Asthma phenotyping: a ne- types and Precision Medicine in Asth-
cessity for improved therapeutic preci- ma? Physiol Rev. 2020 Jul 1;100(3):983-
sion and new targeted therapies. J In- 1017.
tern Med. 2016 Feb;279(2):192-204. 23. Oishi K, Matsunaga K. Three-step al-
14. Fahy JV. Type 2 inflammation in asth- gorithm for biological therapy targeted
ma – present in most, absent in many. IgE and IL-5 in severe asthma. Immun
Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Jan;15(1):57- Inflamm Dis. 2018 Sep;6(3):374-6.
65. 24. Matucci A, Vultaggio A, Maggi E, et
15. Tara F. Carr TF, Zeki AA, et al. Eosin- al. Is IgE or eosinophils the key play-
ophilic and Noneosinophilic Asthma. er in allergic asthma pathogenesis? Are
we asking the right question? Respir
88. 1;197(1):22-37.
6. Varsano S, Segev D, Shitrit D. Severe 16. F Schleicha, G Brusselleb, R Louisa, et eosinophilic and allergic asthma phenotype and therapeutic possibilities
and non-severe asthma in the commu- al. Heterogeneity of phenotypes in se-
nity: A large electronic database analy- vere asthmatics. The Belgian Severe
sis. Respir Med. 2017 Feb;123:131-9. Asthma Registry (BSAR). Respir Med.
7. Wang E, Wechsler ME, Tran TN, et 2014 Dec;108(12):1723-32.
al. Characterization of Severe Asthma 17. de Groot JC, ten Brinke A, Bel E. Man-
Worldwide: Data From the Internation- agement of the patient with eosinophil-
al Severe Asthma Registry. Chest. 2020 ic asthma: a new era begins. ERJ Open
Apr; 157(4):790-804. Res. 2015 Sep 23;1(1):00024-2015. doi:
8. Skloot, GS. Asthma phenotypes and 10.1183/23120541.00024-2015.
endotypes: a personalized approach to 18. Teague WG, Phillips BR, Fahy JV, et
treatment. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2016 al. Baseline Features of the Severe Asth-
Jan;22(1):3-9. ma Research Program (SARP III) Co-
9. Chung KF, Wenze SE, Brozek JL, et hort: Differences with Age. Aller-
al. International ERS/ATS guidelines gy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018 Mar-
on definition, evaluation and treatment Apr;6(2):545-54.e4.
of severe asthma. Eur Respir J. 2014 19. Silkoff PE, Laviolette M, Singh D, et al.
Feb;43(2):343-73. Longitudinal stability of asthma char-
10. Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and acteristics and biomarkers from the Air-
chronic asthma management; NICE ways Disease Endotyping for Person-
guideline [nternet]. NICE; 2017 Nov 26 alized Therapeutics (ADEPT) study.
[updated 2021 Mar 22]. Available from: Respir Res. 2016 Apr 23;17:43. doi:
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ 10.1186/s12931-016-0360-5.
ng80. 20. Shaw DE, Sousa AR, Fowler SJ, et al.
11. Schleicha F, Brusselleb G, Louisa R, et Clinical and inflammatory characteris-
al. Heterogeneity of phenotypes in se- tics of the European U-BIOPRED adult
vere asthmatics. The Belgian Severe severe asthma. Eur Respir J. 2015 Nov;
Asthma Registry (BSAR). Respir Med. 46(5):1308-21.
2014 Dec;108(12):1723-32. 21. Wenzel SE. Asthma phenotypes: the
12. Buhl R, Marc Humbert M, Bjermer evolution from clinical to molecular
L, et al. Severe eosinophilic asthma: approaches. Nature Med. 2012 May
a roadmap to consensus. ERJ Opens 4;18(5):716-25.
Res. 2017 May 1;49(5):1700634. doi: 22. Ray A, Camiolo M, Fitzpatrick A, et al.
10.1183/13993003.00634-2017. Are We Meeting the Promise of Endo-
13. Chung KF. Asthma phenotyping: a ne- types and Precision Medicine in Asth-
cessity for improved therapeutic preci- ma? Physiol Rev. 2020 Jul 1;100(3):983-
sion and new targeted therapies. J In- 1017.
tern Med. 2016 Feb;279(2):192-204. 23. Oishi K, Matsunaga K. Three-step al-
14. Fahy JV. Type 2 inflammation in asth- gorithm for biological therapy targeted
ma – present in most, absent in many. IgE and IL-5 in severe asthma. Immun
Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Jan;15(1):57- Inflamm Dis. 2018 Sep;6(3):374-6.
65. 24. Matucci A, Vultaggio A, Maggi E, et
15. Tara F. Carr TF, Zeki AA, et al. Eosin- al. Is IgE or eosinophils the key play-
ophilic and Noneosinophilic Asthma. er in allergic asthma pathogenesis? Are
we asking the right question? Respir
