Page 58 - Petelin, Ana. 2021. Ed. Zdravje starostnikov / Health of the Elderly. Proceedings. Koper: University of Primorska Press.
P. 58
avje starostnikov | health of the elderly 56 no studies have investigated the association with this dietary habit on the pres-
ence of subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of our study was to characterize the
association between different breakfast patterns and CVD risk factors, and in
particular, whether regularly skipping breakfast is associated with subclinical
atherosclerosis, by investigating the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in the
carotid arteries, aorta, and iliofemoral arteries or coronary artery calcium, in a
population with no previous history of CVD (Spence, 2019).
Clinical studies report that consuming a high-calorie meal in the morn-
ing would result in a significant decrease in fasting glucose and insulin, as well
as reduced plasma ghrelin concentrations, a hormone associated with food per-
ception, leading toward lower energy foods preference. Moreover, studies link-
ing breakfast consumption with overall diet quality and regulation of appetite,
reported that not only micronutrient-rich breakfast but the morning meals in
general were potentially satiating and had a beneficial effect on appetite regu-
lation, which would help to balance the energy intake throughout the day and
prevent overeating and subsequent obesity. Considering the importance of reg-
ular breakfast consumption for primary CVD prevention, our findings are im-
portant for health professionals and might be used as an important key, and
simple message for lifestyle-based interventions and public health strategies,
as well as informing dietary recommendations and guidelines (Spence, 2019).
Skipping breakfast could serve as a marker of unhealthy dietary and life-
style behavior and is associated with the presence of noncoronary and general-
ized atherosclerosis independent of conventional CVD risk factors in a sample
of middle-aged asymptomatic individuals. Our findings highlight the message
of the importance of healthy eating, including an energetic breakfast (Uzho-
va, et.al., 2017).
Evidence of interaction between genetic markers and dietary compo-
nents has helped shed light on the inconsistencies that have been reported be-
tween diet-related studies and sometimes genetic analyses among different
populations. The knowledge from gene-environment (diet) interactions will
enable more effective and specific interventions for CVD prevention based on
“personalized” nutrition. It is important to emphasize, however, that although
many published investigations often indicated strong nutrientgene interactions
that underlie variability of phenotypes, with nutrient intake potentially modu-
lating risk factors of CVD, it is difficult at this time to apply these data to clin-
ical practice. Indeed each of these nutrigenetic studies considered individually
only one or at most two gene variants, neglecting the possible global interac-
tions between a wide array of gene variants with different nutritional interac-
tions. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are still in their infancy with respect to
cardiovascular disease prediction and therapy! The road of personalized medi-
cine requires much more robust and sophisticated characterization of the func-
tional implications of a growing set of new polymorphisms and CVD risk fac-
tors, supported by well-controlled dietary intervention studies that yield highly
consistent results. Atherosclerotic CVD is as much a metabolic as it is an in-
ence of subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of our study was to characterize the
association between different breakfast patterns and CVD risk factors, and in
particular, whether regularly skipping breakfast is associated with subclinical
atherosclerosis, by investigating the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in the
carotid arteries, aorta, and iliofemoral arteries or coronary artery calcium, in a
population with no previous history of CVD (Spence, 2019).
Clinical studies report that consuming a high-calorie meal in the morn-
ing would result in a significant decrease in fasting glucose and insulin, as well
as reduced plasma ghrelin concentrations, a hormone associated with food per-
ception, leading toward lower energy foods preference. Moreover, studies link-
ing breakfast consumption with overall diet quality and regulation of appetite,
reported that not only micronutrient-rich breakfast but the morning meals in
general were potentially satiating and had a beneficial effect on appetite regu-
lation, which would help to balance the energy intake throughout the day and
prevent overeating and subsequent obesity. Considering the importance of reg-
ular breakfast consumption for primary CVD prevention, our findings are im-
portant for health professionals and might be used as an important key, and
simple message for lifestyle-based interventions and public health strategies,
as well as informing dietary recommendations and guidelines (Spence, 2019).
Skipping breakfast could serve as a marker of unhealthy dietary and life-
style behavior and is associated with the presence of noncoronary and general-
ized atherosclerosis independent of conventional CVD risk factors in a sample
of middle-aged asymptomatic individuals. Our findings highlight the message
of the importance of healthy eating, including an energetic breakfast (Uzho-
va, et.al., 2017).
Evidence of interaction between genetic markers and dietary compo-
nents has helped shed light on the inconsistencies that have been reported be-
tween diet-related studies and sometimes genetic analyses among different
populations. The knowledge from gene-environment (diet) interactions will
enable more effective and specific interventions for CVD prevention based on
“personalized” nutrition. It is important to emphasize, however, that although
many published investigations often indicated strong nutrientgene interactions
that underlie variability of phenotypes, with nutrient intake potentially modu-
lating risk factors of CVD, it is difficult at this time to apply these data to clin-
ical practice. Indeed each of these nutrigenetic studies considered individually
only one or at most two gene variants, neglecting the possible global interac-
tions between a wide array of gene variants with different nutritional interac-
tions. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are still in their infancy with respect to
cardiovascular disease prediction and therapy! The road of personalized medi-
cine requires much more robust and sophisticated characterization of the func-
tional implications of a growing set of new polymorphisms and CVD risk fac-
tors, supported by well-controlled dietary intervention studies that yield highly
consistent results. Atherosclerotic CVD is as much a metabolic as it is an in-
