Page 59 - Škrgat, Sabina, ed. 2022. Severe Asthma - Basic and Clinical Views. Koper: University of Primorska Press. Severe Asthma Forum, 1
P. 59
clusions 6. Lambrecht BN, Hammad H, Fahy JV. 59
The Cytokines of Asthma. Immunity.
Difficult asthma represents a complex multi- Apr 16 2019;50(4):975-91. the multi-disciplinary team approach to specialist adult difficult asthma care
morbid disease model with many aspects of
need that require a well-structured and high- 7. Ingram JL, Kraft M. IL-13 in asth-
ly coordinated multidisciplinary team ap- ma and allergic disease: asthma pheno-
proach. MDT’s are therefore central to the types and targeted therapies. J Allergy
management of difficult asthma with key Clin Immunol. Oct 2012;130(4):829-
roles for the Asthma Specialist Physician, 42; quiz 843-4.
Asthma Nurse Specialist, Asthma Physiother-
apist, Asthma Pharmacist, Speech & Lan- 8. Zhu Z, Homer RJ, Wang Z, et al. Pul-
guage Therapist and Dietitian. There is grow- monary expression of interleukin-13
ing evidence that coordinated MDT-based causes inflammation, mucus hyper-
management of difficult asthma can deliver secretion, subepithelial fibrosis, phys-
significant patient benefits. iologic abnormalities, and eotax-
in production. J Clin Invest. Mar 15
References 1999;103(6):779-88.
1. Global Asthma Network. The glob- 9. Pelaia C, Paoletti G, Puggioni F, et
al asthma report 2018 [Internet]. Auck- al. Interleukin-5 in the Pathophysiol-
land, New Zealand: Global Asthma ogy of Severe Asthma. Front Physi-
Network; 2018 [cited 2021 Aug]. 88 p. ol. 2019 Dec 17;10:1514. doi: 10.3389/
Available from: http://globalasthmare- fphys.2019.01514.
port.org/.
10. Fong WCG, Azim A, Knight D, et al.
2. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Real-world Omalizumab and Mepoli-
Strategy for Asthma Management and zumab treated difficult asthma pheno-
Prevention [Internet]. [place unknown]: types and their clinical outcomes. Clin
Global Strategy for Asthma Manage- Exp Allergy. Aug 2021;51(8):1019-32.
ment and Prevention; c2022 [cited 2021
Aug]. Available from: http://www.gi- 11. Heaney LG, Perez de Llano L, Al-Ah-
nasthma.org. mad M, et al. Eosinophilic and None-
osinophilic Asthma: An Expert Con-
3. Blais MS. The Management of Severe sensus Framework to Characterize
Asthma: Economic Analysis of the Cost Phenotypes in a Global Real-Life Se-
of Treatments for Severe Asthma [In- vere Asthma Cohort. Chest. 2021
ternet]. [place unknown]: World Allergy Sep;160(3):814-30.
Organisation; c2022 [cited 2021Aug].
Available from: http://www.worldaller- 12. Azim A, Newell C, Barber C, et al.
gy.org/educational_programs/world_ Clinical evaluation of type 2 disease
allerg y _forum/anaheim20 05/blaiss. status in a real-world population of dif-
php. ficult to manage asthma using histor-
ic electronic healthcare records of blood
4. Woodruff PG, Modrek B, Choy DF, et eosinophil counts. Clin Exp Allergy.
al. T-helper type 2-driven inflammation 2021 Jun;51(6):811-20.
defines major subphenotypes of asth-
ma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Sep 1 13. Global Initiative for Asthma. Diffi-
2009;180(5):388-95. cul-to-treat & severe asthma in adoles-
cent and adult patients: Diagnosis and
5. Lambrecht BN, Hammad H. The im- management [Internet]. A GINA Pock-
munology of asthma. Nat Immunol. et Guide for Health Professionals. V2.0.
Jan 2015;16(1):45-56. [place unknown]: GINA; 2019 [cit-
ed 2021 Aug]. 38 p. Available from:
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/up-
The Cytokines of Asthma. Immunity.
Difficult asthma represents a complex multi- Apr 16 2019;50(4):975-91. the multi-disciplinary team approach to specialist adult difficult asthma care
morbid disease model with many aspects of
need that require a well-structured and high- 7. Ingram JL, Kraft M. IL-13 in asth-
ly coordinated multidisciplinary team ap- ma and allergic disease: asthma pheno-
proach. MDT’s are therefore central to the types and targeted therapies. J Allergy
management of difficult asthma with key Clin Immunol. Oct 2012;130(4):829-
roles for the Asthma Specialist Physician, 42; quiz 843-4.
Asthma Nurse Specialist, Asthma Physiother-
apist, Asthma Pharmacist, Speech & Lan- 8. Zhu Z, Homer RJ, Wang Z, et al. Pul-
guage Therapist and Dietitian. There is grow- monary expression of interleukin-13
ing evidence that coordinated MDT-based causes inflammation, mucus hyper-
management of difficult asthma can deliver secretion, subepithelial fibrosis, phys-
significant patient benefits. iologic abnormalities, and eotax-
in production. J Clin Invest. Mar 15
References 1999;103(6):779-88.
1. Global Asthma Network. The glob- 9. Pelaia C, Paoletti G, Puggioni F, et
al asthma report 2018 [Internet]. Auck- al. Interleukin-5 in the Pathophysiol-
land, New Zealand: Global Asthma ogy of Severe Asthma. Front Physi-
Network; 2018 [cited 2021 Aug]. 88 p. ol. 2019 Dec 17;10:1514. doi: 10.3389/
Available from: http://globalasthmare- fphys.2019.01514.
port.org/.
10. Fong WCG, Azim A, Knight D, et al.
2. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Real-world Omalizumab and Mepoli-
Strategy for Asthma Management and zumab treated difficult asthma pheno-
Prevention [Internet]. [place unknown]: types and their clinical outcomes. Clin
Global Strategy for Asthma Manage- Exp Allergy. Aug 2021;51(8):1019-32.
ment and Prevention; c2022 [cited 2021
Aug]. Available from: http://www.gi- 11. Heaney LG, Perez de Llano L, Al-Ah-
nasthma.org. mad M, et al. Eosinophilic and None-
osinophilic Asthma: An Expert Con-
3. Blais MS. The Management of Severe sensus Framework to Characterize
Asthma: Economic Analysis of the Cost Phenotypes in a Global Real-Life Se-
of Treatments for Severe Asthma [In- vere Asthma Cohort. Chest. 2021
ternet]. [place unknown]: World Allergy Sep;160(3):814-30.
Organisation; c2022 [cited 2021Aug].
Available from: http://www.worldaller- 12. Azim A, Newell C, Barber C, et al.
gy.org/educational_programs/world_ Clinical evaluation of type 2 disease
allerg y _forum/anaheim20 05/blaiss. status in a real-world population of dif-
php. ficult to manage asthma using histor-
ic electronic healthcare records of blood
4. Woodruff PG, Modrek B, Choy DF, et eosinophil counts. Clin Exp Allergy.
al. T-helper type 2-driven inflammation 2021 Jun;51(6):811-20.
defines major subphenotypes of asth-
ma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Sep 1 13. Global Initiative for Asthma. Diffi-
2009;180(5):388-95. cul-to-treat & severe asthma in adoles-
cent and adult patients: Diagnosis and
5. Lambrecht BN, Hammad H. The im- management [Internet]. A GINA Pock-
munology of asthma. Nat Immunol. et Guide for Health Professionals. V2.0.
Jan 2015;16(1):45-56. [place unknown]: GINA; 2019 [cit-
ed 2021 Aug]. 38 p. Available from:
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/up-
