Page 176 - Petelin, Ana, Nejc Šarabon, Boštjan Žvanut, eds. 2017. Zdravje delovno aktivne populacije ▪︎ Health of the Working-Age Population. Proceedings. Koper: Založba Univerze na Primorskem/University of Primorska Press
P. 176
avje delovno aktivne populacije | health of the working-age population 174 The findings suggest that shift work leads both to physiological and psy-
chological consequences, such as biological rhythm disorders, sleeping disor-
ders, health problems, reduced work performance, dissatisfaction at work and
social isolation (Admi et al., 2008).
Key factors which determine the health of nurses are: gender, age and
body weight. The consequences of sleep withdrawal in female nurses are ex-
pressed more intensely than in their male counterparts (Admi et al., 2008).
Sleep disturbances in nurses with more than 15 working years and with shift
work, increase the risk of CVD. In correlation between CVD and shift work:
the CVD occur in 23% and rising to 4% every 5 years of age (Brown et al., 2009).
The disrupting of circadian rhythm is associated with an unhealthy lifestyle
and unhealthy food, smoking, drinking and low physical activity. As a result,
the increasing BMI has a negative impact on health (Kim et al., 2013; Buch-
vold, 2015). The reducement of physical activity is associated with chronic fa-
tigue, low productivity and quality of work, irreversible impacts on health and
quality of life (Škrbina and Zurc, 2016). Shift work increases the risk of CVD in
nurses under 51years of age (Allesøe et al., 2010). The impact of socio-economic
status and genetic predisposition contribute to the development of CVD (Mor-
ris et al., 2015).
Some authors do not confirm the thesis that shift work indirectly affects
the occurrence of CVD (Van Amersvoort et al., 2004), but introduce the in-
cidence of different risk factors, which subsequently lead to the formation of
CVD, most commonly stroke (Brown et al., 2009), ischemic heart disease (Al-
lesøe et al., 2010), myocardial infarction and other coronary complications
(Vyas et al., 2012), which are the main causes of disability (Brown et al., 2009)
and mortality among nurses (Brown et al., 2009; Jørgensen et al., 2017). Be-
sides all this we must not forget that all of these risk factors are affecting pub-
lic health, public policy and the organization of work in occupational medicine
(Vyas et al., 2012). At the same time, the authors ask, what are the character-
istics of nurses who successfully navigate through the challenges of shift work
(Hughes, 2015).
Discussion
The global epidemiological data shows that 30% of the active population works
in shifts. Shift work is a model of stressors that occur when job requirements
do not match the capabilities, resources or needs of the worker and is highly
correlated with CVD, irritability, dizziness, sleep disorders and muscle pain.
As a result, reduced work productivity deteriorates the health status and qual-
ity of life. Therefore, health promotion is becoming an important strategy of
many companies. The effort is to integrate targeted programs to change work-
ers lifestyles and thus prevent the negative influence of risk factors (Richter et
al., 2010). There is a growing need to integrate and implement workshops of
healthy lifestyle in the healthcare sector/organizations. The workshop should
be focused on nutrition, physical exercise, relaxation techniques and sleep hy-
chological consequences, such as biological rhythm disorders, sleeping disor-
ders, health problems, reduced work performance, dissatisfaction at work and
social isolation (Admi et al., 2008).
Key factors which determine the health of nurses are: gender, age and
body weight. The consequences of sleep withdrawal in female nurses are ex-
pressed more intensely than in their male counterparts (Admi et al., 2008).
Sleep disturbances in nurses with more than 15 working years and with shift
work, increase the risk of CVD. In correlation between CVD and shift work:
the CVD occur in 23% and rising to 4% every 5 years of age (Brown et al., 2009).
The disrupting of circadian rhythm is associated with an unhealthy lifestyle
and unhealthy food, smoking, drinking and low physical activity. As a result,
the increasing BMI has a negative impact on health (Kim et al., 2013; Buch-
vold, 2015). The reducement of physical activity is associated with chronic fa-
tigue, low productivity and quality of work, irreversible impacts on health and
quality of life (Škrbina and Zurc, 2016). Shift work increases the risk of CVD in
nurses under 51years of age (Allesøe et al., 2010). The impact of socio-economic
status and genetic predisposition contribute to the development of CVD (Mor-
ris et al., 2015).
Some authors do not confirm the thesis that shift work indirectly affects
the occurrence of CVD (Van Amersvoort et al., 2004), but introduce the in-
cidence of different risk factors, which subsequently lead to the formation of
CVD, most commonly stroke (Brown et al., 2009), ischemic heart disease (Al-
lesøe et al., 2010), myocardial infarction and other coronary complications
(Vyas et al., 2012), which are the main causes of disability (Brown et al., 2009)
and mortality among nurses (Brown et al., 2009; Jørgensen et al., 2017). Be-
sides all this we must not forget that all of these risk factors are affecting pub-
lic health, public policy and the organization of work in occupational medicine
(Vyas et al., 2012). At the same time, the authors ask, what are the character-
istics of nurses who successfully navigate through the challenges of shift work
(Hughes, 2015).
Discussion
The global epidemiological data shows that 30% of the active population works
in shifts. Shift work is a model of stressors that occur when job requirements
do not match the capabilities, resources or needs of the worker and is highly
correlated with CVD, irritability, dizziness, sleep disorders and muscle pain.
As a result, reduced work productivity deteriorates the health status and qual-
ity of life. Therefore, health promotion is becoming an important strategy of
many companies. The effort is to integrate targeted programs to change work-
ers lifestyles and thus prevent the negative influence of risk factors (Richter et
al., 2010). There is a growing need to integrate and implement workshops of
healthy lifestyle in the healthcare sector/organizations. The workshop should
be focused on nutrition, physical exercise, relaxation techniques and sleep hy-
