Page 40 - Hojnik, Jana. 2017. In Persuit of Eco-innovation. Drivers and Consequences of Eco-innovation at Firm Level. Koper: University of Primorska Press
P. 40
Pursuit of Eco-innovation
product, process, organizational, marketing, social and system eco-inno-
vation.
Product eco-innovation
EIO (2013a) argue that product innovation encompass both goods (those
that tend to minimize the overall impact on the environment though their
production, while also emphasizing eco-design) and services. Eco-design
as a part of product innovation regards resource constraints in the sense
of designing a product in such a manner as to provide a reduction of envi-
ronmental impact and less use of resources during operation and recovery
options, which comprise repairing, remanufacturing or recycling (EIO
2013a). Product innovation, according to OECD (2005), is defined as the
introduction of a good or service that is new or significantly improved
40 with respect to its characteristics or intended uses. This includes signif-
icant improvements in technical specifications, components and mate-
rial, incorporated software, user friendliness or other functional charac-
teristics (OECD 2005). Meanwhile, Dong et al. (2013) describe product
eco-innovation as innovation that responds to the environmental needs
of the market and the government and thereby aims to achieve long-term
environmental performance by improving the resource effectiveness and
optimization of environmental benefits in a product’s lifecycle. Imple-
mented eco-product innovation brings environmental improvements to
existing eco-products or the development of new eco-products (Cheng
and Shiu 2012). In the previous description, we can see that Cheng and
Shiu (2012) identify eco-innovation as the improvement of something
“old” or already existing and eco-innovation as a total novelty. Product
eco-innovations include novelties and existing products or services that
are significantly improved in a way that minimizes their overall impact
on environment (Reid and Miedzinski 2008). Furthermore, eco-prod-
uct implementation focuses mainly on a product’s lifecycle in order to re-
duce environmental impact, because the principal environmental impact
of many products stems from their use (e.g., mfueetlaclsoninsubmatptteiroines)an(Cd hCeOng2
emissions of cars) and disposal (e.g., heavy
and Shiu 2012). According to Kemp and Foxon, product or service
eco-innovation refers to a new or improved product/good/service that of-
fers environmental benefits and is less pollution- and resource-intensive,
including eco-houses, eco-buildings and eco-services such as car sharing.
According to Reid and Miedzinski (2008), products can include various
goods with different numbers of components (e.g., just a household ap-
pliance or an entire house) and various types of services (e.g., new public
product, process, organizational, marketing, social and system eco-inno-
vation.
Product eco-innovation
EIO (2013a) argue that product innovation encompass both goods (those
that tend to minimize the overall impact on the environment though their
production, while also emphasizing eco-design) and services. Eco-design
as a part of product innovation regards resource constraints in the sense
of designing a product in such a manner as to provide a reduction of envi-
ronmental impact and less use of resources during operation and recovery
options, which comprise repairing, remanufacturing or recycling (EIO
2013a). Product innovation, according to OECD (2005), is defined as the
introduction of a good or service that is new or significantly improved
40 with respect to its characteristics or intended uses. This includes signif-
icant improvements in technical specifications, components and mate-
rial, incorporated software, user friendliness or other functional charac-
teristics (OECD 2005). Meanwhile, Dong et al. (2013) describe product
eco-innovation as innovation that responds to the environmental needs
of the market and the government and thereby aims to achieve long-term
environmental performance by improving the resource effectiveness and
optimization of environmental benefits in a product’s lifecycle. Imple-
mented eco-product innovation brings environmental improvements to
existing eco-products or the development of new eco-products (Cheng
and Shiu 2012). In the previous description, we can see that Cheng and
Shiu (2012) identify eco-innovation as the improvement of something
“old” or already existing and eco-innovation as a total novelty. Product
eco-innovations include novelties and existing products or services that
are significantly improved in a way that minimizes their overall impact
on environment (Reid and Miedzinski 2008). Furthermore, eco-prod-
uct implementation focuses mainly on a product’s lifecycle in order to re-
duce environmental impact, because the principal environmental impact
of many products stems from their use (e.g., mfueetlaclsoninsubmatptteiroines)an(Cd hCeOng2
emissions of cars) and disposal (e.g., heavy
and Shiu 2012). According to Kemp and Foxon, product or service
eco-innovation refers to a new or improved product/good/service that of-
fers environmental benefits and is less pollution- and resource-intensive,
including eco-houses, eco-buildings and eco-services such as car sharing.
According to Reid and Miedzinski (2008), products can include various
goods with different numbers of components (e.g., just a household ap-
pliance or an entire house) and various types of services (e.g., new public
