Page 77 - Studia Universitatis Hereditati, vol. 4(1) (2016)
P. 77
ia universitatisand political aims not only defined the develo- coming more standardized. The fact which is rel-
pment of both cities in the next few centuries, evant for our study is that Zadar’s spoken lan-
cross-influencebetweenlanguageandculture:pausestructureasproofofculturaldifference... 77 but also brought the Venetian language whose guage is getting closer to the Novoštokavian
traces are visible even today. dialect and that there are only a few bilingual,
mostly elderly, Italian-Croatian speakers left,
During the period of Venetian government while in Pula and in its surroundings the Italian
Pula was continuously attacked by Genoese and community is still rather influential.
Croatian-Hungarian armies on one side and by
numerous epidemics of plague, malaria and ty- Analysis
phoid on the other. Only its geographical po-
sition and the importance of its harbour saved Transcripts and classification of turn-taking
it from a complete decline. Zadar was also go- cues
ing through rough times, especially in the 16th
and 17th centuries when, weakened by constant The primary interests of our analysis are the
Turkish attacks and frequent Venetian-Turkish turn-taking cues (pauses, latches, interruptions
wars, its existence was balancing between two and overlaps) and not the semantic component
political tendencies: the Venetian centralism of the recorded conversations. Knowing that its
and Turkish imperialism. This was also a cru- spoken language specificity would be partial-
cial historical point for the beginning of diver- ly lost in its translation in English, we decided
sification of Čakavian dialects of Pula and Za- to transcribe it in this paper only in its original
dar, the latter being characterised by numerous Croatian version. However, the reader should be
Turkish lexical elements. With the fall of Ven- able to understand the conversational cues from
ice in 1797, both cities first passed to Austrian the transcripts that are systematically organ-
(1797-1805), then French (Napoleon, 1806-1813), ized and that visually and graphically follow the
and then again Austrian rule (1814-1918). From flow of the conversation. The conventions used
the end of World War I, Zadar and Pula again in the transcript, presented in the following ta-
shared the same destiny: both were excluded ble, are an adaptation of the systematics for the
from the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes organization of turn-taking proposed by Sacks,
and remained Italian provinces until 1947 when Schegloff and Jefferson:21
they both joined the rest of Yugoslavia. 20The pe-
riod between the two great wars was economi- Table 1 Systematics for the organization of turn-taking
cally and politically difficult. From the cultural
and linguistic point of view, the Italian influence Key Explanation
penetrated deeply into the cities and vividly and =
directly endured throughout the first half of the Latching
20th century. Although the historical facts seem
to prove differently, the Italian influence in Pula (number) Duration of an inter-turn pause or betwe-
and in Zadar had different impacts and different en two turn-takings expressed in tenths of
directions leaving Pula today with many bilin- seconds or in seconds.
gual Italian-Croatian speakers and Zadar with
mainly monolingual Croatian speakers. In 1991 [ The point of interruption and the be-
both became part of the new Republic of Cro- ginning of the overlap
atia. Today, the spoken language of both cities
is Croatian based on Čakavian-Ikavian dialect, ] The end of the overlap
whose dialectal features are fading away and be-
21 Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson, “A simplest systematics for the orga-
20 Lelija Sočanac, Hrvatsko – talijanski jezični dodiri: s rječnikom ta- nization of turn-taking for conversation.”
lijanizama u standardnome hrvatskom jeziku i dubrovačkoj drams-
koj književnosti (Zagreb: Globus, 2004).
pment of both cities in the next few centuries, evant for our study is that Zadar’s spoken lan-
cross-influencebetweenlanguageandculture:pausestructureasproofofculturaldifference... 77 but also brought the Venetian language whose guage is getting closer to the Novoštokavian
traces are visible even today. dialect and that there are only a few bilingual,
mostly elderly, Italian-Croatian speakers left,
During the period of Venetian government while in Pula and in its surroundings the Italian
Pula was continuously attacked by Genoese and community is still rather influential.
Croatian-Hungarian armies on one side and by
numerous epidemics of plague, malaria and ty- Analysis
phoid on the other. Only its geographical po-
sition and the importance of its harbour saved Transcripts and classification of turn-taking
it from a complete decline. Zadar was also go- cues
ing through rough times, especially in the 16th
and 17th centuries when, weakened by constant The primary interests of our analysis are the
Turkish attacks and frequent Venetian-Turkish turn-taking cues (pauses, latches, interruptions
wars, its existence was balancing between two and overlaps) and not the semantic component
political tendencies: the Venetian centralism of the recorded conversations. Knowing that its
and Turkish imperialism. This was also a cru- spoken language specificity would be partial-
cial historical point for the beginning of diver- ly lost in its translation in English, we decided
sification of Čakavian dialects of Pula and Za- to transcribe it in this paper only in its original
dar, the latter being characterised by numerous Croatian version. However, the reader should be
Turkish lexical elements. With the fall of Ven- able to understand the conversational cues from
ice in 1797, both cities first passed to Austrian the transcripts that are systematically organ-
(1797-1805), then French (Napoleon, 1806-1813), ized and that visually and graphically follow the
and then again Austrian rule (1814-1918). From flow of the conversation. The conventions used
the end of World War I, Zadar and Pula again in the transcript, presented in the following ta-
shared the same destiny: both were excluded ble, are an adaptation of the systematics for the
from the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes organization of turn-taking proposed by Sacks,
and remained Italian provinces until 1947 when Schegloff and Jefferson:21
they both joined the rest of Yugoslavia. 20The pe-
riod between the two great wars was economi- Table 1 Systematics for the organization of turn-taking
cally and politically difficult. From the cultural
and linguistic point of view, the Italian influence Key Explanation
penetrated deeply into the cities and vividly and =
directly endured throughout the first half of the Latching
20th century. Although the historical facts seem
to prove differently, the Italian influence in Pula (number) Duration of an inter-turn pause or betwe-
and in Zadar had different impacts and different en two turn-takings expressed in tenths of
directions leaving Pula today with many bilin- seconds or in seconds.
gual Italian-Croatian speakers and Zadar with
mainly monolingual Croatian speakers. In 1991 [ The point of interruption and the be-
both became part of the new Republic of Cro- ginning of the overlap
atia. Today, the spoken language of both cities
is Croatian based on Čakavian-Ikavian dialect, ] The end of the overlap
whose dialectal features are fading away and be-
21 Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson, “A simplest systematics for the orga-
20 Lelija Sočanac, Hrvatsko – talijanski jezični dodiri: s rječnikom ta- nization of turn-taking for conversation.”
lijanizama u standardnome hrvatskom jeziku i dubrovačkoj drams-
koj književnosti (Zagreb: Globus, 2004).
