Page 34 - Petelin, Ana. 2020. Ed. Zdravje delovno aktivne populacije / Health of the Working-Age Population. Proceedings. Koper: University of Primorska Press.
P. 34
avje delovno aktivne populacije | health of the working-age population 32 products, e.g. yoghurt and cheese. Only 2 participants consumed probiotic
supplements. Most of the participants agreed with claims that probiotics have
beneficial effects on immune system and regular defecation. Opinions differed
on breathing issues claims, enhancing GI symptoms during running and the
effect on performance. Based on normality of variables, Spearman’s rank cor-
relation coefficient was used and showed a trend of weak negative significant
vcoedrrweliatthiornu(nrns =in-g.0,351; n = 33; p < 0,045) between variables age and time invol-
Discussion
Based on results of clinical studies, there is a trend that probiotics consumption
can have an impact on health and performance in PA individuals, if there are
criteria fulfilled, e.g. optimal strain use, frequent use and adequate amount of
probiotics. Despite positive studies results, there are also limits, e.g. low num-
ber of studies, small study samples, short consumption time, incomparability
of studies because of different doses and strains of probiotics, unsuitable con-
trol in PA and diet regime. Probiotics are often used with other compounds,
e.g. prebiotics, protein supplements and antioxidants, thus the study compari-
son is even more complicated. Furthermore, there is still a lot unknown about
probiotics mechanisms. Despite all the studies, the generalisation of probiotics
effects and guidelines formation for individuals with different level of PA can-
not be made. Moreover, since probiotic consumption can lower the concentra-
tion of inflammation parameters, which are important in process of recovery,
hypertrophy and physiological adaptations on training, it could have a nega-
tive impact on PA. Third research question included data analysis of the giv-
en questionnaire. Knowledge about the term “probiotics” was good, although
the same was not shown in probiotics sources and use. Since the main source
of information were family members, participants could receive misinforma-
tion. Small number of participants consuming food with probiotics could also
be linked to the low milk and milk products consumption, due to insufficient
knowledge on probiotics and their effects. However, they agreed that probiot-
ics have beneficial effects on immunity and regular defecation.
Conclusions
Despite the large number of studies of probiotics consumption in general pop-
ulation, the number of studies of probiotics consumption in PA population is
still limited. Mainly, the positive effects of probiotics consumption on immune
system, GI tract and respiratory system function and in performance and re-
covery after PA were observed. Furthermore, results are hardly or not com-
parable. Therefore, comprehensive meta-analysis should be performed before
incorporating the probiotics into individuals diet regime based on the PA in-
tensity. Based on the questionnaire results, we concluded that knowledge of
younger generations about probiotics is limiting and could be introduced also
by the nutritional counselling and workshops.
supplements. Most of the participants agreed with claims that probiotics have
beneficial effects on immune system and regular defecation. Opinions differed
on breathing issues claims, enhancing GI symptoms during running and the
effect on performance. Based on normality of variables, Spearman’s rank cor-
relation coefficient was used and showed a trend of weak negative significant
vcoedrrweliatthiornu(nrns =in-g.0,351; n = 33; p < 0,045) between variables age and time invol-
Discussion
Based on results of clinical studies, there is a trend that probiotics consumption
can have an impact on health and performance in PA individuals, if there are
criteria fulfilled, e.g. optimal strain use, frequent use and adequate amount of
probiotics. Despite positive studies results, there are also limits, e.g. low num-
ber of studies, small study samples, short consumption time, incomparability
of studies because of different doses and strains of probiotics, unsuitable con-
trol in PA and diet regime. Probiotics are often used with other compounds,
e.g. prebiotics, protein supplements and antioxidants, thus the study compari-
son is even more complicated. Furthermore, there is still a lot unknown about
probiotics mechanisms. Despite all the studies, the generalisation of probiotics
effects and guidelines formation for individuals with different level of PA can-
not be made. Moreover, since probiotic consumption can lower the concentra-
tion of inflammation parameters, which are important in process of recovery,
hypertrophy and physiological adaptations on training, it could have a nega-
tive impact on PA. Third research question included data analysis of the giv-
en questionnaire. Knowledge about the term “probiotics” was good, although
the same was not shown in probiotics sources and use. Since the main source
of information were family members, participants could receive misinforma-
tion. Small number of participants consuming food with probiotics could also
be linked to the low milk and milk products consumption, due to insufficient
knowledge on probiotics and their effects. However, they agreed that probiot-
ics have beneficial effects on immunity and regular defecation.
Conclusions
Despite the large number of studies of probiotics consumption in general pop-
ulation, the number of studies of probiotics consumption in PA population is
still limited. Mainly, the positive effects of probiotics consumption on immune
system, GI tract and respiratory system function and in performance and re-
covery after PA were observed. Furthermore, results are hardly or not com-
parable. Therefore, comprehensive meta-analysis should be performed before
incorporating the probiotics into individuals diet regime based on the PA in-
tensity. Based on the questionnaire results, we concluded that knowledge of
younger generations about probiotics is limiting and could be introduced also
by the nutritional counselling and workshops.
