Page 28 - Kutnar, Andreja, et al., eds., 2015. Proceedings of the 1st COST Action FP1307 International Conference - Life Cycle Assessment, EPDs, and modified wood. University of Primorska Press, Koper.
P. 28
e
cycle
assessment
of
pre-‐fabricated
timber
houses
according
to
the
European
state-‐of-‐the-‐art
standards
Hermann
Achenbach1,
Sebastian
Rüter1
1
Leuschnerstr.
91c,
Hamburg,
Germany,
hermann.achenbach@ti.bund.de
Keywords:
LCA,
pre-‐fabricated
timber
houses,
EN
15804,
EN
15978,
EN
16485
Due
to
improved
energy
savings
in
the
use
phase
of
a
building’s
life
cycle,
the
environmental
impacts
of
the
production,
construction,
and
end
of
life
stages
are
gaining
more
and
more
importance.
Thus,
the
European
Committee
for
Standardization
(CEN)
has
developed
a
set
of
horizontal
standards
that
enables
the
sustainability
assessment
of
construction
works
including
the
evaluation
of
associated
environmental
impacts
of
building
products
and
buildings
over
the
entire
life
cycle
(EN
15804:2013
and
EN
15978:2012).
Since
2014,
the
European
standard
EN
16485:2014
complements
those
standards
by
providing
specific
rules
for
the
implementation
of
life
cycle
assessment
of
wood
and
wood-‐based
products
in
the
context
of
their
use
in
construction.
Consistent
with
the
European
state-‐of-‐the-‐art
standards
a
life
cycle
assessment
(LCA)
was
carried
out
to
determine
the
environmental
impact
of
the
production
and
construction
stage
of
building
elements
(i.e.
functional
units
scaled
to
1
m²
inner/outer
wall,
1
m²
roof
element,
1
m
ceiling
element)
and
an
average
pre-‐fabricated
timber
house
produced
in
Germany.
The
data
represents
the
average
of
12
companies
belonging
to
the
Bund
Deutscher
Fertigbau
e.V.
(BDF),
covering
37
%
of
the
total
German
production,
which
ensures
the
high
representation
of
the
study.
In
order
to
be
in
line
with
EN
15804
the
life
cycle
inventories
(LCI)
of
the
functional
units
had
to
be
calculated
using
annual
data
of
each
factory
site
(house
manufactories).
Thus,
the
main
challenge
was
to
develop
a
model
that
calculates
the
annual
input
and
output
flows
of
the
defined
functional
units
on
the
factory
level.
The
supply
of
average
LCA
data
methodical
aspects
are
also
discussed.
A
particular
focus
was
set
on
the
application
of
the
modular
principle
according
to
EN
15804/15978
to
construction
systems
with
a
high
level
of
pre-‐fabrication.
In
contrast
to
an
LCA-‐study
on
a
multi-‐storey
wooden
building
by
Takano
et
al.
(2015)
that
accounted
for
pre-‐
fabrication
processes
in
the
construction
stage,
we
considered
processes
of
pre-‐fabrication
in
the
production
stage
(see
figure
1).
The
normalization
to
the
overall
German
impacts
shows
that
the
contribution
to
the
environmental
categories
global
warming
potential
(GWP),
acidification
(AP),
and
to
the
abiotic
depletion
potential
(ADPe)
are
most
important.
The
highest
impacts
are
caused
by
manufacturing
the
building
materials
(module
A1)
(see
figure
2).
However,
for
the
categories
GWP
and
AP,
16
cycle
assessment
of
pre-‐fabricated
timber
houses
according
to
the
European
state-‐of-‐the-‐art
standards
Hermann
Achenbach1,
Sebastian
Rüter1
1
Leuschnerstr.
91c,
Hamburg,
Germany,
hermann.achenbach@ti.bund.de
Keywords:
LCA,
pre-‐fabricated
timber
houses,
EN
15804,
EN
15978,
EN
16485
Due
to
improved
energy
savings
in
the
use
phase
of
a
building’s
life
cycle,
the
environmental
impacts
of
the
production,
construction,
and
end
of
life
stages
are
gaining
more
and
more
importance.
Thus,
the
European
Committee
for
Standardization
(CEN)
has
developed
a
set
of
horizontal
standards
that
enables
the
sustainability
assessment
of
construction
works
including
the
evaluation
of
associated
environmental
impacts
of
building
products
and
buildings
over
the
entire
life
cycle
(EN
15804:2013
and
EN
15978:2012).
Since
2014,
the
European
standard
EN
16485:2014
complements
those
standards
by
providing
specific
rules
for
the
implementation
of
life
cycle
assessment
of
wood
and
wood-‐based
products
in
the
context
of
their
use
in
construction.
Consistent
with
the
European
state-‐of-‐the-‐art
standards
a
life
cycle
assessment
(LCA)
was
carried
out
to
determine
the
environmental
impact
of
the
production
and
construction
stage
of
building
elements
(i.e.
functional
units
scaled
to
1
m²
inner/outer
wall,
1
m²
roof
element,
1
m
ceiling
element)
and
an
average
pre-‐fabricated
timber
house
produced
in
Germany.
The
data
represents
the
average
of
12
companies
belonging
to
the
Bund
Deutscher
Fertigbau
e.V.
(BDF),
covering
37
%
of
the
total
German
production,
which
ensures
the
high
representation
of
the
study.
In
order
to
be
in
line
with
EN
15804
the
life
cycle
inventories
(LCI)
of
the
functional
units
had
to
be
calculated
using
annual
data
of
each
factory
site
(house
manufactories).
Thus,
the
main
challenge
was
to
develop
a
model
that
calculates
the
annual
input
and
output
flows
of
the
defined
functional
units
on
the
factory
level.
The
supply
of
average
LCA
data
methodical
aspects
are
also
discussed.
A
particular
focus
was
set
on
the
application
of
the
modular
principle
according
to
EN
15804/15978
to
construction
systems
with
a
high
level
of
pre-‐fabrication.
In
contrast
to
an
LCA-‐study
on
a
multi-‐storey
wooden
building
by
Takano
et
al.
(2015)
that
accounted
for
pre-‐
fabrication
processes
in
the
construction
stage,
we
considered
processes
of
pre-‐fabrication
in
the
production
stage
(see
figure
1).
The
normalization
to
the
overall
German
impacts
shows
that
the
contribution
to
the
environmental
categories
global
warming
potential
(GWP),
acidification
(AP),
and
to
the
abiotic
depletion
potential
(ADPe)
are
most
important.
The
highest
impacts
are
caused
by
manufacturing
the
building
materials
(module
A1)
(see
figure
2).
However,
for
the
categories
GWP
and
AP,
16
