Page 173 - Studia Universitatis Hereditati, vol 13(1) (2025)

duhovniki, ki so ga kritizirali zaradi njegove pre- anti-Hussite crusade in early 1422, which likely
tirane krutosti med vojno in zavoljo njegovih awarded him knighthood on 11 January. Sigis-
prizadevanj za osvojitev duhovne oblasti, tj. za- mund then gave up trying to violently conquer
radi vmešavanja v krščansko dogmatiko ter ob- the Czech Kingdom anymore.
sojanja in kaznovanja domnevnih heretikov Žižka’s life was greatly shaped in following
(leta 1421 je Žižka pomoril na desetine podpor- months. Disillusioned with Lithuanian prince
nikov t. i. remanence in adamitov, ki so prakti- Sigismund Korybut, sent by Lithuanian rul-
cirali nebrzdane spolne odnose). Vendar pa je er Vytautas (offered the Crown of St Wenceslas
na splošni ravni napetost med vojščakom Žiž- by Hussites) as regent to Prague, Žižka also left
ko in taborskim duhovništvom odražala tipično Tábor, where his former rival, Bohuslav (VI.)
srednje veško resničnost ter nikoli preprosto dia- of Švamberk, had grown notable. Žižka’s main
lektiko med »mečema« – med posvetno in du- cause of leaving was probably his conflict with
hovno oblastjo. Tábor’s clergy, who condemned his too great 173
V prvem četrtletju 1423 se je slavni bojevnik wartime brutality and efforts to grab spiritual
preselil na vzhodno Češko. Poleti je osvojil Hra- authority by meddling in Christian dogma and
dec Králové, ki je bil prej pod nadzorom praške punishing supposed heretics (in 1421, Žižka
husitske zveze. Ta dogodek je napovedal začetek slaughtered dozens of supporters of so-called re-
vojne med Žižko in njegovimi podporniki na eni manence and Adamites practicing unrestrained
ter praškimi husiti, ki so sklenili premišljeno za- sexual relations). This conflict between Žižka
vezništvo s katoliškimi plemiči, na drugi stra- and Tábor’s clergy mirrored the usual mediaeval
ni. Vojna je trajala več kot leto dni. V vojaških dialectic between the «two swords» of secular
spopadih je Žižka slavil zmago v krvavi bitki pri and spiritual authority.
Malešovu (7. junij 1424), po kateri je nadzoroval By summer, the renowned fighter moved
več mest Prage in se odločil, da osvoji kar samo to eastern Bohemia and seized Hradec Králové,
Prago. 14. septembra 1424 je sklenil mirovno formerly under the Prague Hussite alliance’s
pogodbo s praško husitsko zvezo, ki jo je zape- control, in the first quarter of 1423. This event
čatila skupna vojaška kampanja na Moravskem. was a prelude to wars between Žižka and his fol-
Vendar je Jan Žižka na začetku tega podviga, 11. lowers and the Prague Hussites, who created a
oktobra 1424, v Přibyslavu umrl in bil pokopan deliberate alliance with Catholic nobles. It last- Niti črno niti belo, temveč barvito! • Not Black or White, but Vibrantly Coloured!
v cerkvi Svetega Duha v Hradcu Králové. Vzrok ed more than a year. Winning the bloody Bat-
smrti je bil verjetno neidentificirani tumor (kar- tle of Malešov (7 June 1424), Žižka took con-
bunkel) in ne kuga. Prenosa Žižkovih telesnih trol of various Prague towns and decided to take
ostankov v cerkev svetega Petra in Pavla v Čásla- Prague itself. He signed a peace treaty with the
vi ni mogoče dokazati. Prague Hussite alliance on 14 September 1424,
Kot poveljnik je Žižka brez poraza na boj- sealed by a combined military operation in
nem polju dobil deset bitk (1419 Nekmíř, 1420 Moravia. Jan Žižka, though, perished at the be-
Sudoměř, Vitkov, Malý Bor, 1421 pri Kutni ginning of this endevour on 11 October 1424 in
Hori, 1422 pri Nemškem Brodu, 1423 Hoři- Přibyslav and was interred in the Church of the
ce, Strauchuv dvur pri Hradcu Kralovem, 1424 Holy Spirit in Hradec Králové. Not the plague;
Češká Skalice, Malešov). Ni preferiral obrambe an unknown tumour (carbuncle) was most like-
obleganega mesta, zlasti, če se ni mogel zanesti ly the cause of death. There is no way to confirm
na zvestobo mestnih prebivalcev. Žižkova moč Žižka’s remains’ transfer to the Church of Saints
je bila v njegovi taktični vojaški improvizaciji, Peter and Paul in Čáslav.
v odlični oceni terena in tudi v uporabi novih Žižka, as a commander, stayed unbeaten and
taktik, ki so temeljile na obrambnih prednos- won ten battles (1419 Nekmíř, 1420 Sudoměř,
tih bojne kočije, ki so bile uporabljene za zaščito Vítkov, Malý Bor, 1421 near Kutná Hora, 1422