Page 170 - Studia Universitatis Hereditati, vol 13(1) (2025)

Ni znano, kako dolgo je Žižka ostal ob Bal- England and France. More study is required to
tiku oz. v službah poljskega vladarja. Najka- confirm whether he worked at the Burgundian
sneje leta 1414 se je naselil v Pragi in se verje- dukes’ court in the early 15th century. By 1408
tno najprej udinjal v službo češke kraljice Zofije at the latest, Žižka and his brother were part of
Bavarske, vendar je verjetneje, da je začel de- an armed band that assaulted Jindřich (III.) of
lati kot vratar, torej član straže vladarjevega Rožmbérk and the city of České Budějovice on
dvora pri Václavu IV., verjetno pa tudi kot va- the orders of powerful nobles. Such groups op-
zal, vezan na drugi praški grad, Vyšehrad. Leta erated outside the law all across the Bohemi-
1414 je kupil precej veliko hišo na Novem mes- an-Moravian-Austrian borderlands. Jan Žižka
tu praškem, a jo je kmalu prodal. Kot član kra- probably sought refuge in the Kraví Hora for-
ljevega dvora in vazal na Vyšehradu je imel pri- tress, whose garrison benefited from the band’s
ložnost spoznati osebnosti s politično težo in illegal operations, when their leader, Matej, was
170 vojaške poveljnike, ki so kasneje odigrali po- caught and killed. On 25 April and 27 July 1409,
membno vlogo v husitski revoluciji; med njimi King Václav IV gave Žižka amnesty. Fighting in
je bil vyšehradski kastelan (purkrabí) Jan Řitka the so-called Great War, where the Polish-Lith-
studia universitatis hereditati, letnik 13 (2025), številka 1 / volume 13 (2025), number 1
z Bezdedic, ki je postal Žižkov prijatelj. Znat- uanian Commonwealth clashed with the Teu-
na večina dvora Václava IV. je simpatizirala s tonic Order for control of the southern Baltic
prizadevanji M. Jana Husa za reformo anoma- lands, Žižka and the famous condottiere Jan
lij, stranpoti, zablod in pokvarjenosti poznosre- Sokol of Lamberk then entered the service of
dnjeveške cerkve. Da bi lahko cerkev vernikom Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło as mercenar-
pomagala na ozki poti do odrešen ja, so podpor- ies. Though no direct proof has been discovered,
niki reform želeli, da cerkev preda svojo pos- Žižka is claimed to have fought in the renowned
vetno lastnino, se ponovno loti predvsem pa- Battle of Grunwald (15 July 1410). Later reports
storalne dejavnosti in se podredi zahtevam in say he belonged to the Radzyn castle garrison
načelom Božjega zakona, kot so zapisani v Sve- taken by the Teutonic Order from autumn 1410
tem pismu, zlasti v Novi zavezi. Tudi Žižka je to February 1411.
postal podpornik reformacijskih prizadevanj, How long Žižka stayed in the Baltic area
čeprav ni jasno, ali je dejansko srečal Husa. or in Polish service is unknown. He settled in
V zadnjih treh letih življenja Jana Husa se je Prague by 1414 at the latest, probably first serv-
husitski program izkristaliziral in dobil arti- ing Czech Queen Sophia of Bavaria, although it
kulacijo v Štirih praških artikulih (Čtyři arti- is more likely he worked as a gatekeeper, a mem-
kuly pražské), ki so bili uradno razglašeni spo- ber of the royal guard under Václav IV, and may-
mladi 1420. Zahtevali so: obhajilo pod obema be as a vassal linked to Prague’s second castle, Vy-
podobama kot bistveni pogoj za odrešitev; svo- šehrad. He bought a significant home in Prague’s
bodo oznanjevanja Božje besede; kaznovanje New Town in 1414 but quickly sold it. Being a
smrtnih grehov; odvzem cerkvene lastnine in vassal at Vyšehrad and part of the royal court,
odpravo cerkvenega vmešavanja v posvetno po- Žižka got to know politically powerful people
litiko. Žižka je popolnoma soglašal s tem pro- and military leaders who later had major impact
gramom, ki je med husiti obveljal kot zavezujoče during the Hussite Revolution, including Jan
vodilo za celotno zahodno krščanstvo. Vendar Řitka of Bezdědice, Vyšehrad’s castellan, who
pa je ta program branil in širil na način, ki ga je became his friend. Much of Václav IV’s court
poznal – z oboroženo silo. Ni posvečal pozor- sympathised with Jan Hus’s attempts to cor-
nosti mnenju strogih zagovornikov načel Nove- rect the anomalies, deviations, and corruption
ga testamenta, ki so kristjanom prepovedovali, of the late mediaeval Church. Reform advocates
da bi prelivali kri. Razlog za Žižkovo brezpogoj- pushed the Church to give up its secular prop-
no podporo husitskim reformam je bilo očitno erty, concentrate on pastoral responsibilities,