Page 86 - Kutnar, Andreja, et al., eds., 2015. Proceedings of the 1st COST Action FP1307 International Conference - Life Cycle Assessment, EPDs, and modified wood. University of Primorska Press, Koper.
P. 86
Percentage luminescence compared to soil control 100
a
a
80 a
60 a,b a,b
40
b
20
0
M soil + 3.0% AA
A
A
A
soil +
+ 0.1%
+ 0.3%
+ 1.0%
+ 3.0%
M
M
M
M
soil+
soil+
soil+
soil+
Figure
1:
Bacterial
biosensor
toxicity
tests
of
pore
water
for
the
different
treatments
(+M
=
with
manure;
+
A
=
with
ash);
control
was
de-‐ionised
water.
Bar
represent
the
average
of
the
replicates
and
the
bar
is
the
s.e.m
(n=5).
Means
that
share
the
same
letter
are
not
significantly
different.
There
are
potential
environmental
pollution
issues
associated
with
the
application
of
metal(loid)
contaminated
wood
ash
to
land
related
with
leaching
of
contaminants
out
of
soil
and
phyto-‐
toxicity.
The
particular
ash
used
in
this
study
had
high
concentrations
of
As,
Cu,
Cr,
and
Zn
so
the
immediate
concern
is
that
soil
metal
loadings
will
dramatically
increase
with
high
or
repeat
doses
of
ash
application.
Manuring
soil
before
adding
ash
can
buffer
pH
and
reduce
the
solubility
of
metals
in
from
the
alkaline
ash,
providing
binding
sites
for
Cu
and
As
and
reducing
phyto-‐toxicity.
Ash
addition
to
soil
appeared
to
have
no
consequence
on
the
concentration
of
Zn
both
in
the
pore
water
and
in
the
plants.
In
this
respect
the
application
of
Zn
rich
ash
will
only
serve
to
raise
total
Zn
concentrations
of
soil,
especially
if
the
process
is
repeated,
with
no
benefits
to
plant
nutrition.
This
effect
may
be
plant
species
and
soil
specific.
It
remains
to
be
seen
if
Zn
would
accumulate
and
re-‐fractionate
to
more
soluble
forms
and
become
bioavailable.
If
this
were
the
case
there
could
be
some
benefits
regarding
fortification
of
crops
with
Zn
from
the
ash.
In
general,
it
is
unlikely
that
justification
for
repeated
application
of
this
particular
ash
could
be
gained
by
an
increase
in
available
Zn
in
any
case
as
the
risks
of
As
and
Cr
leaching
would
prove
too
great.
References
Balasoiu,
C.,
Zagury,
G.,
Deschenes,
L.
2001.
Partitioning
and
speciation
of
chromium,
copper,
and
arsenic
in
CCA-‐contaminated
soils:
influence
of
soil
composition.
The
Science
of
The
Total
Environment
280,
239–
255
Bougnom,
B.P.,
Niederkofler,
C.,
Knapp,
B.A.,
Stimpfl,
E.,
Insam,
H.
2012.
Residues
from
renewable
energy
production:
Their
value
for
fertilizing
pastures.
Biomass
and
Bioenergy
39,
290–295
Klemedtsson,
L.,
Ernfors,
M.,
Björk,
R.G.,
Weslien,
P.,
Rütting,
T.,
Crill,
P.,
Sikström,
U.
2010.
Reduction
of
greenhouse
gas
emissions
by
wood
ash
application
to
a
Picea
abies
(L.)
Karst.
forest
on
a
drained
organic
soil.
European
Journal
of
Soil
Science
61,
734–744
Lucchini,
P.,
Quilliam,
R.S.,
DeLuca,
T.H.,
Vamerali,
T.,
Jones,
D.L.
2013.
Increased
bioavailability
of
metals
in
two
contrasting
agricultural
soils
treated
with
waste
wood-‐derived
biochar
and
ash.
Environmental
Science
and
Pollution
Research
21,
3230-‐3240
74
a
a
80 a
60 a,b a,b
40
b
20
0
M soil + 3.0% AA
A
A
A
soil +
+ 0.1%
+ 0.3%
+ 1.0%
+ 3.0%
M
M
M
M
soil+
soil+
soil+
soil+
Figure
1:
Bacterial
biosensor
toxicity
tests
of
pore
water
for
the
different
treatments
(+M
=
with
manure;
+
A
=
with
ash);
control
was
de-‐ionised
water.
Bar
represent
the
average
of
the
replicates
and
the
bar
is
the
s.e.m
(n=5).
Means
that
share
the
same
letter
are
not
significantly
different.
There
are
potential
environmental
pollution
issues
associated
with
the
application
of
metal(loid)
contaminated
wood
ash
to
land
related
with
leaching
of
contaminants
out
of
soil
and
phyto-‐
toxicity.
The
particular
ash
used
in
this
study
had
high
concentrations
of
As,
Cu,
Cr,
and
Zn
so
the
immediate
concern
is
that
soil
metal
loadings
will
dramatically
increase
with
high
or
repeat
doses
of
ash
application.
Manuring
soil
before
adding
ash
can
buffer
pH
and
reduce
the
solubility
of
metals
in
from
the
alkaline
ash,
providing
binding
sites
for
Cu
and
As
and
reducing
phyto-‐toxicity.
Ash
addition
to
soil
appeared
to
have
no
consequence
on
the
concentration
of
Zn
both
in
the
pore
water
and
in
the
plants.
In
this
respect
the
application
of
Zn
rich
ash
will
only
serve
to
raise
total
Zn
concentrations
of
soil,
especially
if
the
process
is
repeated,
with
no
benefits
to
plant
nutrition.
This
effect
may
be
plant
species
and
soil
specific.
It
remains
to
be
seen
if
Zn
would
accumulate
and
re-‐fractionate
to
more
soluble
forms
and
become
bioavailable.
If
this
were
the
case
there
could
be
some
benefits
regarding
fortification
of
crops
with
Zn
from
the
ash.
In
general,
it
is
unlikely
that
justification
for
repeated
application
of
this
particular
ash
could
be
gained
by
an
increase
in
available
Zn
in
any
case
as
the
risks
of
As
and
Cr
leaching
would
prove
too
great.
References
Balasoiu,
C.,
Zagury,
G.,
Deschenes,
L.
2001.
Partitioning
and
speciation
of
chromium,
copper,
and
arsenic
in
CCA-‐contaminated
soils:
influence
of
soil
composition.
The
Science
of
The
Total
Environment
280,
239–
255
Bougnom,
B.P.,
Niederkofler,
C.,
Knapp,
B.A.,
Stimpfl,
E.,
Insam,
H.
2012.
Residues
from
renewable
energy
production:
Their
value
for
fertilizing
pastures.
Biomass
and
Bioenergy
39,
290–295
Klemedtsson,
L.,
Ernfors,
M.,
Björk,
R.G.,
Weslien,
P.,
Rütting,
T.,
Crill,
P.,
Sikström,
U.
2010.
Reduction
of
greenhouse
gas
emissions
by
wood
ash
application
to
a
Picea
abies
(L.)
Karst.
forest
on
a
drained
organic
soil.
European
Journal
of
Soil
Science
61,
734–744
Lucchini,
P.,
Quilliam,
R.S.,
DeLuca,
T.H.,
Vamerali,
T.,
Jones,
D.L.
2013.
Increased
bioavailability
of
metals
in
two
contrasting
agricultural
soils
treated
with
waste
wood-‐derived
biochar
and
ash.
Environmental
Science
and
Pollution
Research
21,
3230-‐3240
74
