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turizem v avstrijskem primorju
and attractions, which became appealing for this emerging industry in line
with the new medical and fashion trends. In the context of the (economic)
history of tourism, there is a classification of tourist destination types that de-
veloped in modern tourism. Different typologies of tourism were present in
the studied area, namely thermal, seaside (climate/bathing and summer/win-
ter) and cave tourism. The first two types were associated with health stand-
ards and medical knowledge, which were also the motives for the develop-
ment of tourism in the Alps. Cave tourism that developed in this area is a
peculiarity since it could only develop in an area with karst features. Cave
tourism is considered to have firstly developed in the Slovenian territory.
We studied the development of specific forms of thermal, seaside and
cave tourism based on the methodological approach of economic history,
identifying the economic and other factors that affected the development of
tourism in individual places. The present study is focused on the historical
analysis of tourism development in the period from the start of modern tour-
ism until the beginning of World War I. Methodologically, the study focus-
es on researching tourism development by assessing the presence and influ-
ence of the factors that permitted or stimulated it. We studied whether the
factors for tourism development, that are largely recognized by economic his-
torians, such as medicine, new transportation means, investments of the pub-
lic and private sector etc., were also present in the Austrian Littoral, whether
they were intertwined and how they influenced tourism development of sim-
ilar locations (Opatija, Grado, Portorož), and on the other hand the develop-
ment of different tourist typologies.
Health spas
Modern tourism of the Austrian Littoral began developing intensively in the
researched area during the 19th century. Thermal tourism, like the case study
of Santo Stefano spa (today Istarske toplice) shows and similarly to elsewhere
in Europe, including the Littoral, appeared as one of the first manifestations
of modern tourism, although under somewhat more modest conditions than
elsewhere in the monarchy or in the Slovenian territory (e.g. Karlovy Vary,
Rogaška Slatina). At the Santo Stefano spa resort, various ailments were treat-
ed as the medical profession believed the local sulfuric water had many ben-
eficial properties. The analyses that were performed by doctors and the tes-
timonials about the positive effects of treatments encouraged spa owners to
invest into the business. However, the resort came into life more vigorous-
ly and effectively in the second half of the 19th century, when ownership was
334
and attractions, which became appealing for this emerging industry in line
with the new medical and fashion trends. In the context of the (economic)
history of tourism, there is a classification of tourist destination types that de-
veloped in modern tourism. Different typologies of tourism were present in
the studied area, namely thermal, seaside (climate/bathing and summer/win-
ter) and cave tourism. The first two types were associated with health stand-
ards and medical knowledge, which were also the motives for the develop-
ment of tourism in the Alps. Cave tourism that developed in this area is a
peculiarity since it could only develop in an area with karst features. Cave
tourism is considered to have firstly developed in the Slovenian territory.
We studied the development of specific forms of thermal, seaside and
cave tourism based on the methodological approach of economic history,
identifying the economic and other factors that affected the development of
tourism in individual places. The present study is focused on the historical
analysis of tourism development in the period from the start of modern tour-
ism until the beginning of World War I. Methodologically, the study focus-
es on researching tourism development by assessing the presence and influ-
ence of the factors that permitted or stimulated it. We studied whether the
factors for tourism development, that are largely recognized by economic his-
torians, such as medicine, new transportation means, investments of the pub-
lic and private sector etc., were also present in the Austrian Littoral, whether
they were intertwined and how they influenced tourism development of sim-
ilar locations (Opatija, Grado, Portorož), and on the other hand the develop-
ment of different tourist typologies.
Health spas
Modern tourism of the Austrian Littoral began developing intensively in the
researched area during the 19th century. Thermal tourism, like the case study
of Santo Stefano spa (today Istarske toplice) shows and similarly to elsewhere
in Europe, including the Littoral, appeared as one of the first manifestations
of modern tourism, although under somewhat more modest conditions than
elsewhere in the monarchy or in the Slovenian territory (e.g. Karlovy Vary,
Rogaška Slatina). At the Santo Stefano spa resort, various ailments were treat-
ed as the medical profession believed the local sulfuric water had many ben-
eficial properties. The analyses that were performed by doctors and the tes-
timonials about the positive effects of treatments encouraged spa owners to
invest into the business. However, the resort came into life more vigorous-
ly and effectively in the second half of the 19th century, when ownership was
334
