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ning, Portorož based its activities mainly on the nearby salt pans and the ben-
eficial effects the local mud and brine were thought to have.

Factors that contributed to the development
of modern tourism

Medicine
The initiators and promoters of tourism development in all three sites were
doctors who identified the potential positive effects of treatment with sea
water, air, sand, sun, mud, and brine. All three sites followed the European
trends, where the medical profession acted as an important factor in tourism
development, especially in its initial stages, although doctors remained in ad-
ministrative and executive bodies of spa resorts – the spa Commissions – lat-
er as well. They displayed their influence on various occasions, as can be ob-
served in the case of Portorož, where in 1904 the town wanted to lease the
former Righetti villa to an unknown company, which planned setting up a
sanatorium for scrofulosis there. The spa Commission and the Management
Board Portorose strongly opposed to this, as in their view, the presence of a
sanatorium would be bad for the successful tourist business of Portorož. A
small beach densely visited by bathers would have allowed healthy guests to
mix with the sick ones, leading to a possible transmission of the diseases. The
cooperation between the public sphere represented also by doctors, and the
private entities, as well as others who were involved in tourism activities of a
given resort, was crucial for its further development, which is also evident in
the mentioned case.

Medicine did not only affect and encourage the development of thermal
and seaside tourism. In the wider region of the Alps, it also acted as an impor-
tant aspect in the development of health-resort tourism. Initially, the resorts
emerged in Switzerland (early 19th century). In the Littoral area, medicine was
not as present since the Alpine world developed forms of tourism, related to
mountaineering and conquering the mountain peaks. Elsewhere in the Slo-
venian territory health motives did play an important role in the start-up of
mountain tourism, as it happened in the case of Bled, where European trends
were noticeably followed. Mountain tourism and mountaineering were not
further investigated in the research.

For the second form of tourism, i.e. cave tourism, medicine did not play
a significant role as factor or facilitator of development, as people were pre-
dominantly visiting because of a particular natural attraction and not because

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