Page 77 - Petelin, Ana, and Šarabon, Nejc. 2018. Eds. Zdravje starostnikov / Health of the Elderly. Znanstvena monografija / Proceedings. Koper: University of Primorska Press
P. 77
32 women of the exercising group and 32 women of the control group, aged effects of regular exercise on elderly people 77
65 and over, from Kamnik and Domžale and surroundings, into our research.
In 2006, the average age of the participants of the exercising group was 69.68
± 3.83 and of the participants of the control group 70.75 ± 3.67. In 2011, only 20
(62.5 %) participants of the same exercising group were still included in the ex-
ercising group, 74.75 ± 4.17 years old on average; and only 17 (53.1 %) women of
the control group, on average 75.12 ± 2.97 years old, attended the measurements
again. The reasons for lower participation in the measurements were the termi-
nation of participation in the research due to poor state of health or even deaths
of participants.
The information about physical and functional abilities of participants
were collected by using the Fullerton test battery (Rikli & Jones, 1999). We
were assessing the functional physical condition of the elderly, since the Ful-
lerton test battery includes the tests which determine the abilities that are nec-
essary for independent life: getting up from the chair for 30 seconds, weight-
lifting sitting for 30 seconds, torso bending forward on the bench, touching
hands on the back, stand-up and go, walking for 9 minutes, balance on one
leg with eyes open and grip strength - power measured by a dynamometer (Ja-
mar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer - 5030J1, Sammons Preston, Providence,
ZDA). To perform the measurements, we used the devices intended to test pu-
pils; the measurement of power was done by a dynamometer lent to us by the
Department for Physiotherapy from the Health Centre in Kamnik; for weight-
lifting sitting we used an appropriate 2, 27 kg heavy handle. The participants
of the exercising group were tested for the first time in October 2006, for the
second time after half a year exercising in July 2007 and for the third time in
July 2011; the participants of the control group were tested twice, in October
2006 and July 2011.
For statistical analysis the SPSS 16.0 program was used (SPSS Inc., IBM
Corporation, Chicago Illinois, USA, 2008). The results are presented in the
text and in tabular forms. All statistical differences were verified at the level
of 5-percent risk (p = 0.05). The results are presented in the text and in tabular
forms. All statistical differences were verified at the level of 5-percent risk (p =
0.05). T-test was used to assess the differences between the physical parameters
and motor-functional abilities for the members of the exercising group, at the
beginning and at the end of exercising in 2006/07 as well as the comparisons
for the period from 2006, before and after the exercising, and after five years in
2011, separately for the exercising group and control group; also the analysis of
variance (F-test) was used to assess the differences of physical parameters and
motor-functional abilities between the members of the exercising group and
the control group to compare the periods 2006 and 2011 as well as the analy-
sis of covariance to determine the differences in the change between the initial
and final state of motor-functional abilities between the members of the exer-
cising group and the control group.
65 and over, from Kamnik and Domžale and surroundings, into our research.
In 2006, the average age of the participants of the exercising group was 69.68
± 3.83 and of the participants of the control group 70.75 ± 3.67. In 2011, only 20
(62.5 %) participants of the same exercising group were still included in the ex-
ercising group, 74.75 ± 4.17 years old on average; and only 17 (53.1 %) women of
the control group, on average 75.12 ± 2.97 years old, attended the measurements
again. The reasons for lower participation in the measurements were the termi-
nation of participation in the research due to poor state of health or even deaths
of participants.
The information about physical and functional abilities of participants
were collected by using the Fullerton test battery (Rikli & Jones, 1999). We
were assessing the functional physical condition of the elderly, since the Ful-
lerton test battery includes the tests which determine the abilities that are nec-
essary for independent life: getting up from the chair for 30 seconds, weight-
lifting sitting for 30 seconds, torso bending forward on the bench, touching
hands on the back, stand-up and go, walking for 9 minutes, balance on one
leg with eyes open and grip strength - power measured by a dynamometer (Ja-
mar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer - 5030J1, Sammons Preston, Providence,
ZDA). To perform the measurements, we used the devices intended to test pu-
pils; the measurement of power was done by a dynamometer lent to us by the
Department for Physiotherapy from the Health Centre in Kamnik; for weight-
lifting sitting we used an appropriate 2, 27 kg heavy handle. The participants
of the exercising group were tested for the first time in October 2006, for the
second time after half a year exercising in July 2007 and for the third time in
July 2011; the participants of the control group were tested twice, in October
2006 and July 2011.
For statistical analysis the SPSS 16.0 program was used (SPSS Inc., IBM
Corporation, Chicago Illinois, USA, 2008). The results are presented in the
text and in tabular forms. All statistical differences were verified at the level
of 5-percent risk (p = 0.05). The results are presented in the text and in tabular
forms. All statistical differences were verified at the level of 5-percent risk (p =
0.05). T-test was used to assess the differences between the physical parameters
and motor-functional abilities for the members of the exercising group, at the
beginning and at the end of exercising in 2006/07 as well as the comparisons
for the period from 2006, before and after the exercising, and after five years in
2011, separately for the exercising group and control group; also the analysis of
variance (F-test) was used to assess the differences of physical parameters and
motor-functional abilities between the members of the exercising group and
the control group to compare the periods 2006 and 2011 as well as the analy-
sis of covariance to determine the differences in the change between the initial
and final state of motor-functional abilities between the members of the exer-
cising group and the control group.
