Page 13 - Sember, Vedrana, and Shawnda A. Morrison. 2018. The Mind-Body Connection. Koper: University of Primorska Press.
P. 13
Physical Activity
Physical activity is a behavior influenced by many factors. These
factors work on four levels: physiological, psychological, sociocul-
tural, and ecological (Lindquist, Reynolds, & Goran, 1999). Physiolo-
gical level of physical activity in children is determined by age,
gender, and ethnicity (Reynolds et al., 1990; Hudson, 2008). It has
been found that girls are less active than boys, older children less
active than younger and black girls less active than white girls (Og-
den et al., 2006; Robinson & Killen, 1995; Zakarian, Hovell, Hof-
stetter, Sallis, & Keating, 1994; Centers for Disease Control, 1997).
Psychological determinants of physical activity are self-efficacy
(Dishman et al., 2004), a perception of physical competence (Sal-
lis, Prochaska, & Taylor, 2000), positive attitude (Trost et al., 1997),
enjoyment of physical activity (Dishman et al., 2005) and perceiv-
ing benefits from engaging in physical activity (Zakarian et al.,
1994). Sociocultural factor includes support for participation in
activity from peers and siblings, parental level of physical activity
(Sallis, Pattersen, Buono, Atkins, & Nader, 1988; Adkins, Sherwood,
Story, & Davis, 2004), parental support (Sallis & Saelens, 2000) and
parental income. Ecological determinants include facilities, avail-
ability of equipment and transportation to activities (Sallis et al.,
1992).
Quantity, intensity, frequency and types of physical activity differ
by gender and age (Telford, Salmon, Timperio, & Crawford, 2005).
After the second year of life, children begin experimenting with their
bodies and various other movements. By the age of 4 are children
11
Physical activity is a behavior influenced by many factors. These
factors work on four levels: physiological, psychological, sociocul-
tural, and ecological (Lindquist, Reynolds, & Goran, 1999). Physiolo-
gical level of physical activity in children is determined by age,
gender, and ethnicity (Reynolds et al., 1990; Hudson, 2008). It has
been found that girls are less active than boys, older children less
active than younger and black girls less active than white girls (Og-
den et al., 2006; Robinson & Killen, 1995; Zakarian, Hovell, Hof-
stetter, Sallis, & Keating, 1994; Centers for Disease Control, 1997).
Psychological determinants of physical activity are self-efficacy
(Dishman et al., 2004), a perception of physical competence (Sal-
lis, Prochaska, & Taylor, 2000), positive attitude (Trost et al., 1997),
enjoyment of physical activity (Dishman et al., 2005) and perceiv-
ing benefits from engaging in physical activity (Zakarian et al.,
1994). Sociocultural factor includes support for participation in
activity from peers and siblings, parental level of physical activity
(Sallis, Pattersen, Buono, Atkins, & Nader, 1988; Adkins, Sherwood,
Story, & Davis, 2004), parental support (Sallis & Saelens, 2000) and
parental income. Ecological determinants include facilities, avail-
ability of equipment and transportation to activities (Sallis et al.,
1992).
Quantity, intensity, frequency and types of physical activity differ
by gender and age (Telford, Salmon, Timperio, & Crawford, 2005).
After the second year of life, children begin experimenting with their
bodies and various other movements. By the age of 4 are children
11
