Page 18 - Sember, Vedrana, and Shawnda A. Morrison. 2018. The Mind-Body Connection. Koper: University of Primorska Press.
P. 18
Physical Activity
factor for development of metabolic syndrome in youth (Goodman,
Dolan, Morrison, & Daniels, 2005). Physical activity has been negat-
ively associated with development of metabolic syndrome in adults
and adolescents and total physical participation seems not to be
associated with metabolic syndrome in children (Brage et al., 2004;
Ekelund et al., 2007). DuBose et al.(2015) examined the relation-
ship between physical activity and the metabolic syndrome Score
in 72 children, aged 9.5 + 1.2 years. Metabolic syndrome score was
created from blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density-
lipoprotein, triglyceride, and glucose values; physical activity was
assessed with an accelerometer. Time spent in different levels of
physical activity were not related to metabolic syndrome after con-
trolling for confounders. Jiménez-Pavón et al. (2013) report that
odds for having metabolic syndrome were higher for boys (6–9-
year-olds) in the lowest physical activity quartile, compared to chil-
dren in highest physical activity quantile. Several studies suggest
negative associations between metabolic syndrome, physical activ-
ity intensity and metabolic syndrome Score (Martínez-Gómez et al.,
2009; Ekelund et al., 2007). Martínez-Gómez et al. (2009) reported
an interaction between metabolic syndrome score, cardiorespirat-
ory fitness metabolic syndrome score. Children with high physical
activity levels and physical fitness had lower metabolic syndrome
score than those with low physical activity levels and physical fit-
ness levels. Vigorous physical activity may be substantial for de-
termination the metabolic syndrome score (DuBose et al., 2015).
Obesity
Obesity is a multifactorial disease which is dependent on many
factors and multiple interactions between genes and environment
(Maffeis, 2000). Obesity in youth is associated with conditions such
as dyslipidemia (Stensel, Lin, Ho, & Aw, 2001) and an increased risk
of type II diabetes mellitus (Sinha et al., 2002). Obesity is defined as
excess body fat, which is mostly defined by body mass index (BMI)
(Flodmark, Lissau, Moreno, Pietrobelli, & Wilham, 2004). BMI is a
value derived from weight and height of an individual (expressed
in units kg/m2). The overweight equivalent in children and adoles-
16
factor for development of metabolic syndrome in youth (Goodman,
Dolan, Morrison, & Daniels, 2005). Physical activity has been negat-
ively associated with development of metabolic syndrome in adults
and adolescents and total physical participation seems not to be
associated with metabolic syndrome in children (Brage et al., 2004;
Ekelund et al., 2007). DuBose et al.(2015) examined the relation-
ship between physical activity and the metabolic syndrome Score
in 72 children, aged 9.5 + 1.2 years. Metabolic syndrome score was
created from blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density-
lipoprotein, triglyceride, and glucose values; physical activity was
assessed with an accelerometer. Time spent in different levels of
physical activity were not related to metabolic syndrome after con-
trolling for confounders. Jiménez-Pavón et al. (2013) report that
odds for having metabolic syndrome were higher for boys (6–9-
year-olds) in the lowest physical activity quartile, compared to chil-
dren in highest physical activity quantile. Several studies suggest
negative associations between metabolic syndrome, physical activ-
ity intensity and metabolic syndrome Score (Martínez-Gómez et al.,
2009; Ekelund et al., 2007). Martínez-Gómez et al. (2009) reported
an interaction between metabolic syndrome score, cardiorespirat-
ory fitness metabolic syndrome score. Children with high physical
activity levels and physical fitness had lower metabolic syndrome
score than those with low physical activity levels and physical fit-
ness levels. Vigorous physical activity may be substantial for de-
termination the metabolic syndrome score (DuBose et al., 2015).
Obesity
Obesity is a multifactorial disease which is dependent on many
factors and multiple interactions between genes and environment
(Maffeis, 2000). Obesity in youth is associated with conditions such
as dyslipidemia (Stensel, Lin, Ho, & Aw, 2001) and an increased risk
of type II diabetes mellitus (Sinha et al., 2002). Obesity is defined as
excess body fat, which is mostly defined by body mass index (BMI)
(Flodmark, Lissau, Moreno, Pietrobelli, & Wilham, 2004). BMI is a
value derived from weight and height of an individual (expressed
in units kg/m2). The overweight equivalent in children and adoles-
16
