Page 20 - Sember, Vedrana, and Shawnda A. Morrison. 2018. The Mind-Body Connection. Koper: University of Primorska Press.
P. 20
Physical Activity
Aziz, & Gilbert, 2012). To stop the negative trend of obesity among
adolescents and children, all children should follow physical activ-
ity guidelines within the school premises, since the schools have the
maximum control on children’s behavior.
Bone Density
The overall amount of bone during the development and grow-
ing years of children represents a major determinant of the risk of
fractures in later life. Childhood and adolescence have been identi-
fied as the most critical periods of mineralization (Slemenda et al.,
1994). The residual bone mass is under environmental influences,
which appear to be body mass, diet – calcium intake (Heaney et al.,
2000) and the amount and type of physical activity in child and ad-
olescent period (Bailey, Faulkner, & McKay, 1996). Slemenda et al.
(1994) reported 4–7% increase in bone mineral density for prepu-
bertal children in the highest physical activity quartile. Researchers
from the University of Saskatchewan were investigating the influ-
ence of physical activity on bone mineral accrual during adolescent
years. Children and adolescents in the highest activity quartile had
greater peak bone mineral accrual rate and a greater bone mineral
accumulation (Bailey, McKay, Mirwald, Crocker, & Faulkner, 1999).
In 10 months, high impact, strength-building exercise program (n =
71) in 9–10 years old girls were investigating positive effects of phys-
ical activity on bone and lean mass. At the end of the intervention,
there were no differences in height and total body mass, puber-
tal development or external physical activity. More lean mass, less
body fat content, greater shoulder, knee and grip strength and great-
er total body (control 1.2%; exercise 3.5%), lumbar spine (control
1.2%; exercise 4.8%), proximal femur (control 1.3%; exercise 4.5%)
and femoral neck (control 1.7%; exercise 12.0%) and bone miner-
al density (Morris, Naughton, Gibbs, Carlson, & Wark, 1997) was
found. In research, if moderate exercise during growth in prepu-
bertal boys increase areal bone mineral density, twenty boys (mean
age 10.4 years) were participating in 8-months of 30-minute ses-
sions, three times per week of weight-bearing physical education.
The increase in areal bone mineral density in the exercise group was
18
Aziz, & Gilbert, 2012). To stop the negative trend of obesity among
adolescents and children, all children should follow physical activ-
ity guidelines within the school premises, since the schools have the
maximum control on children’s behavior.
Bone Density
The overall amount of bone during the development and grow-
ing years of children represents a major determinant of the risk of
fractures in later life. Childhood and adolescence have been identi-
fied as the most critical periods of mineralization (Slemenda et al.,
1994). The residual bone mass is under environmental influences,
which appear to be body mass, diet – calcium intake (Heaney et al.,
2000) and the amount and type of physical activity in child and ad-
olescent period (Bailey, Faulkner, & McKay, 1996). Slemenda et al.
(1994) reported 4–7% increase in bone mineral density for prepu-
bertal children in the highest physical activity quartile. Researchers
from the University of Saskatchewan were investigating the influ-
ence of physical activity on bone mineral accrual during adolescent
years. Children and adolescents in the highest activity quartile had
greater peak bone mineral accrual rate and a greater bone mineral
accumulation (Bailey, McKay, Mirwald, Crocker, & Faulkner, 1999).
In 10 months, high impact, strength-building exercise program (n =
71) in 9–10 years old girls were investigating positive effects of phys-
ical activity on bone and lean mass. At the end of the intervention,
there were no differences in height and total body mass, puber-
tal development or external physical activity. More lean mass, less
body fat content, greater shoulder, knee and grip strength and great-
er total body (control 1.2%; exercise 3.5%), lumbar spine (control
1.2%; exercise 4.8%), proximal femur (control 1.3%; exercise 4.5%)
and femoral neck (control 1.7%; exercise 12.0%) and bone miner-
al density (Morris, Naughton, Gibbs, Carlson, & Wark, 1997) was
found. In research, if moderate exercise during growth in prepu-
bertal boys increase areal bone mineral density, twenty boys (mean
age 10.4 years) were participating in 8-months of 30-minute ses-
sions, three times per week of weight-bearing physical education.
The increase in areal bone mineral density in the exercise group was
18
