Page 62 - Sember, Vedrana, and Shawnda A. Morrison. 2018. The Mind-Body Connection. Koper: University of Primorska Press.
P. 62
Physical Activity Research
must have incorporated a component that aimed to increase phys-
ical activity. Thereview provided strong evidence that randomized
controlled trial – physical activity interventions have had only a
small effect on overall physical activity level. Intervention children
had been only 4 minutes per day more active compared to con-
trol children, which may explain why such interventions have had a
limited effect on body mass index or body fat.
Crossover Randomised Controlled Trial Study Design. Crossover ran-
domized controlled trial study design at first phase divides parti-
cipants the same as in the randomized controlled trial study, but
at the end of first treatment intervention, participants are relocated
to another treatment arm. Between treatments are often wash-out
periods (Thiese, 2014). Thirty-five German adolescents between 13
and 14 years of age participated in crossover study design. They
were divided into higher-fit (n = 17) and lower-fit (n = 16) sub-
groups. Participants were assigned to the event-related potential
(ERP) study with two recording sessions, one following 20 minutes
of exercise and one following 20 minutes of rest. They participated
in both conditions in a random order within an exact seven days
interval at the same day of the week and same time of the day.
Results indicated that higher fit-individuals showed significantly
greater contingent negative variation of the event-related potential
amplitudes. The research team did not found the reliable effect of
acute exercise on inattention or impulsivity; however, higher-fit in-
dividuals did perform better (Stroth et al., 2009). Researchers from
Scotland used a crossover design trial and randomized 552 children
into two groups. One group received a classroom-based program
of physical exercise on week 1 and no physical exercise program in
week 2; other group received a classroom-based program of phys-
ical exercise in week 2 and no physical exercise program in week 1.
Each week all participants completed cognitive test battery. Bene-
fits occurred only for participants who exercised during the second
week. The research team interpreted that exercise intervention has
a positive effect on cognitive performance possibly by facilitating
practice effects, which are not moderated by sex, ADHD symptom
60
must have incorporated a component that aimed to increase phys-
ical activity. Thereview provided strong evidence that randomized
controlled trial – physical activity interventions have had only a
small effect on overall physical activity level. Intervention children
had been only 4 minutes per day more active compared to con-
trol children, which may explain why such interventions have had a
limited effect on body mass index or body fat.
Crossover Randomised Controlled Trial Study Design. Crossover ran-
domized controlled trial study design at first phase divides parti-
cipants the same as in the randomized controlled trial study, but
at the end of first treatment intervention, participants are relocated
to another treatment arm. Between treatments are often wash-out
periods (Thiese, 2014). Thirty-five German adolescents between 13
and 14 years of age participated in crossover study design. They
were divided into higher-fit (n = 17) and lower-fit (n = 16) sub-
groups. Participants were assigned to the event-related potential
(ERP) study with two recording sessions, one following 20 minutes
of exercise and one following 20 minutes of rest. They participated
in both conditions in a random order within an exact seven days
interval at the same day of the week and same time of the day.
Results indicated that higher fit-individuals showed significantly
greater contingent negative variation of the event-related potential
amplitudes. The research team did not found the reliable effect of
acute exercise on inattention or impulsivity; however, higher-fit in-
dividuals did perform better (Stroth et al., 2009). Researchers from
Scotland used a crossover design trial and randomized 552 children
into two groups. One group received a classroom-based program
of physical exercise on week 1 and no physical exercise program in
week 2; other group received a classroom-based program of phys-
ical exercise in week 2 and no physical exercise program in week 1.
Each week all participants completed cognitive test battery. Bene-
fits occurred only for participants who exercised during the second
week. The research team interpreted that exercise intervention has
a positive effect on cognitive performance possibly by facilitating
practice effects, which are not moderated by sex, ADHD symptom
60
