Page 66 - Sember, Vedrana, and Shawnda A. Morrison. 2018. The Mind-Body Connection. Koper: University of Primorska Press.
P. 66
Physical Activity Research
adiposity and physical activity. Andersen et al. (2006) assessed the
associations of objectively measured physical activity (acceleromet-
er Actigraph) with clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors
in children. Researchers did a cross-sectional study of 1732 ran-
domly selected 9-year old and 15-year old school children from
Denmark, Estonia and Portugal. The primary sampling units were
schools; secondary sampling units were children on the school re-
gister. Key findings of this study were graded with negative associ-
ation between clustering of risk factors and physical activity. The
first to the third quintile of physical activity has had a raised risk in
all analyses.
Case-Control Study Design was originally developed in epidemi-
ology and compares people with an outcome of interest (case) with
people without the specific outcome of interest (control). The out-
come is measured before exposure and controls are selected by not
having the outcome. The disadvantage of this study is increased
risk for bias due to known case study of participants. Advantages
of this type of study are low cost, fast execution of data compared
to cohort studies, collection of individual participants’ data, con-
trol for multiple confounders and access to multiple exposures of
interest (Thiese, 2014). This study design is the most efficient when
researching rare diseases. Case-control studies increased the risk
for bias, particularly recall bias (Rothman, Greenland, & Lash, 2008;
Wacholder, Silverman, McLaughlin, & Mandel, 1992). The strength
of case-control studies is that study is most efficient for rare dis-
eases, its low cost, fast execution compared to cohort studies and
ability to assess multiple exposures of interest (Mann, 2003; Thiese,
2014). Da Costa Ribeiro, Taddei, and Colugnatti (2003) researched
obesity among children attending elementary public schools in Sao
Paulo, Brazil. They measured 223 obese and 223 eutrophic school-
children, aged 7–10 years. Parents of 446 schoolchildren all togeth-
er were interviewed about children’s eating behaviors and habits.
They concluded that children with a birth weight of 3500 g or more
or whose parents are obese should receive special attention in the
prevention of obesity.
64
adiposity and physical activity. Andersen et al. (2006) assessed the
associations of objectively measured physical activity (acceleromet-
er Actigraph) with clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors
in children. Researchers did a cross-sectional study of 1732 ran-
domly selected 9-year old and 15-year old school children from
Denmark, Estonia and Portugal. The primary sampling units were
schools; secondary sampling units were children on the school re-
gister. Key findings of this study were graded with negative associ-
ation between clustering of risk factors and physical activity. The
first to the third quintile of physical activity has had a raised risk in
all analyses.
Case-Control Study Design was originally developed in epidemi-
ology and compares people with an outcome of interest (case) with
people without the specific outcome of interest (control). The out-
come is measured before exposure and controls are selected by not
having the outcome. The disadvantage of this study is increased
risk for bias due to known case study of participants. Advantages
of this type of study are low cost, fast execution of data compared
to cohort studies, collection of individual participants’ data, con-
trol for multiple confounders and access to multiple exposures of
interest (Thiese, 2014). This study design is the most efficient when
researching rare diseases. Case-control studies increased the risk
for bias, particularly recall bias (Rothman, Greenland, & Lash, 2008;
Wacholder, Silverman, McLaughlin, & Mandel, 1992). The strength
of case-control studies is that study is most efficient for rare dis-
eases, its low cost, fast execution compared to cohort studies and
ability to assess multiple exposures of interest (Mann, 2003; Thiese,
2014). Da Costa Ribeiro, Taddei, and Colugnatti (2003) researched
obesity among children attending elementary public schools in Sao
Paulo, Brazil. They measured 223 obese and 223 eutrophic school-
children, aged 7–10 years. Parents of 446 schoolchildren all togeth-
er were interviewed about children’s eating behaviors and habits.
They concluded that children with a birth weight of 3500 g or more
or whose parents are obese should receive special attention in the
prevention of obesity.
64
