Page 63 - Sember, Vedrana, and Shawnda A. Morrison. 2018. The Mind-Body Connection. Koper: University of Primorska Press.
P. 63
Physical Activity in Numbers
level or BMI (Hill, Williams, Aucott, Thomson, & Mon-Williams,
2011).
Non-Randomised Trial Study Design. The non-randomised trial
study design is not considered as strong study design and is often
subject to many types of bias and error. The non-randomised trial
study compares a group where intervention was performed and a
group where intervention was not performed (Thiese, 2014). Alex-
androv et al. (1992) performed the non-randomized trial study. The
three-year intervention consisted in primary prevention. All inter-
vention children received counseling and lectures on prevention,
and secondary prevention, where children with risk factors were in-
vited to a single counseling session. Follow-up examinations were
carried out at one and three years following baseline. After one-year
intervention children had attained a greater reduction in their levels
of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure.
Pre-Post Study Design. Pre-post study design measures outcome be-
fore and after intervention has been implemented. Pre-post study
has the strength to suggest that outcome is impacted by interven-
tion; however, pre-post studies do not have control over other ele-
ments which have changed during the intervention (Thiese, 2014).
Ridgers, Stratton, Fairclough, and Twisk (2007) selected 297 school-
children from 26 elementary schools to wear uni-axial accelero-
meters during recess. Research has investigated the effects of the
recess-based intervention on physical activity, investigating short-
term effects of playground markings and physical structures on re-
cess physical activity and effects of covariates on the intervention.
Following legalities of pre-post study design, data were collected at
baseline and 6-weeks following playground intervention. Schools
were visited twice, once before the playground redesign (pre-test),
and once six weeks after playground redesign (post-test). After in-
terventions, positive but non-significant effects had been found
for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and vigorous physical
activity and boys were significantly more engaged in moderate-to-
vigorous and vigorous physical activity than girls.
61
level or BMI (Hill, Williams, Aucott, Thomson, & Mon-Williams,
2011).
Non-Randomised Trial Study Design. The non-randomised trial
study design is not considered as strong study design and is often
subject to many types of bias and error. The non-randomised trial
study compares a group where intervention was performed and a
group where intervention was not performed (Thiese, 2014). Alex-
androv et al. (1992) performed the non-randomized trial study. The
three-year intervention consisted in primary prevention. All inter-
vention children received counseling and lectures on prevention,
and secondary prevention, where children with risk factors were in-
vited to a single counseling session. Follow-up examinations were
carried out at one and three years following baseline. After one-year
intervention children had attained a greater reduction in their levels
of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure.
Pre-Post Study Design. Pre-post study design measures outcome be-
fore and after intervention has been implemented. Pre-post study
has the strength to suggest that outcome is impacted by interven-
tion; however, pre-post studies do not have control over other ele-
ments which have changed during the intervention (Thiese, 2014).
Ridgers, Stratton, Fairclough, and Twisk (2007) selected 297 school-
children from 26 elementary schools to wear uni-axial accelero-
meters during recess. Research has investigated the effects of the
recess-based intervention on physical activity, investigating short-
term effects of playground markings and physical structures on re-
cess physical activity and effects of covariates on the intervention.
Following legalities of pre-post study design, data were collected at
baseline and 6-weeks following playground intervention. Schools
were visited twice, once before the playground redesign (pre-test),
and once six weeks after playground redesign (post-test). After in-
terventions, positive but non-significant effects had been found
for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and vigorous physical
activity and boys were significantly more engaged in moderate-to-
vigorous and vigorous physical activity than girls.
61
