Page 128 - Petelin, Ana, et al. 2019. Eds. Zdravje otrok in mladostnikov / Health of Children and Adolescents. Proceedings. Koper: University of Primorska Press
P. 128
avje otrok in mladostnikov | health of children and adolescents 126 All cleaning procedures must be adopted in a way to prevent bacterial
growth and reproduction of the Legionella, even in the worst cases, when the
maximum occupancy of bathers has been reached, according to Slovenian reg-
ulations (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 39/11, 64/11 – corr. and
59/15. Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 88/03, Official Gazette of
the Republic of Slovenia, no. 56/06. Official Gazette of the Republic of Slove-�
nia, no. 26/07).
Recommendations for a management plan for cleaning swimming baths
or pools must contain the following information: what, how, when and who
will clean the facilities. Swimming pools must be cleaned daily. Cleaning the
spa systems must include mechanical and chemical cleaning with appropri-
ate disinfection. The swimming pools are cleaned at least once a year, it is nec-
essary to be fully emptied and chlorinated for two hours. The same procedure
must be carried out in swimming pools seasonally (Official Gazette of the Re�-
public of Slovenia, no. 39/11, 64/11 – corr. and 59/15. Official Gazette of the Re�-
public of Slovenia, no. 88/03, Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no.
56/06. Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 26/07).
The most commonly used disinfectant for water in swimming pools is
chlorine. It is suitable because it works on the majority of micro-organisms, is
easy to use, its concentration can be measured in a simple way. It is available in
several forms (granules, liquid, tablets, etc.), with different proportion of free
chlorine. Limit value for free chlorine is 0.3 to 0.6 mg/l and for the bound chlo-
rine less than > 0.3 mg/l (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 39/11,
64/11 – corr. and 59/15). Chlorine in swimming pool water is binded to organic
materials of bathers (for example urine, sweat) and it forms chloramine, which
slows its effective cleaning power. For cleaning and rinsing water in swimming
pools there are used disinfectants that can also remove the Legionella (it is rec-
ommended to use at least 5 mg of chlorine per liter). It is also necessary to in-
spect and clean the area around the pool. Chlorine shock in warm water should
be carried out with 50 mg/l of free chlorine for 1 hour (Official of the Republic
of Slovenia, no. 39/11, 64/11 – corr. and 59/15. Official Gazette of the Republic of
Slovenia, no. 88/03, Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 56/06. Off-i
cial Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no.26/07).
Filters in the pools should be cleaned at least once a week; in swimming
pools with swirling warm water it is necessary to examine and clean the filters
on a daily basis (15, 16). pH should be maintained at 7.2-7.8 and 7.2-8.0. This is
important for bathers comfort and safety. The managers of swimming pools
have to control corrosion and chemical damage. If the biocides increase, they
will cause irritation of the eyes and skin. If the pH is increased, the chlorine
binds and becomes less effective. Cyanuric acid helps to balance the chlorine,
especially in outdoor pools, when chlorine is affected by UV light and the sun.
Carbonates and bi-CARB are added to balance pH, because of bather’s organic
pollution (Official of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 39/11, 64/11 – corr. and 59/15.
Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 88/03, Official Gazette of the
growth and reproduction of the Legionella, even in the worst cases, when the
maximum occupancy of bathers has been reached, according to Slovenian reg-
ulations (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 39/11, 64/11 – corr. and
59/15. Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 88/03, Official Gazette of
the Republic of Slovenia, no. 56/06. Official Gazette of the Republic of Slove-�
nia, no. 26/07).
Recommendations for a management plan for cleaning swimming baths
or pools must contain the following information: what, how, when and who
will clean the facilities. Swimming pools must be cleaned daily. Cleaning the
spa systems must include mechanical and chemical cleaning with appropri-
ate disinfection. The swimming pools are cleaned at least once a year, it is nec-
essary to be fully emptied and chlorinated for two hours. The same procedure
must be carried out in swimming pools seasonally (Official Gazette of the Re�-
public of Slovenia, no. 39/11, 64/11 – corr. and 59/15. Official Gazette of the Re�-
public of Slovenia, no. 88/03, Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no.
56/06. Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 26/07).
The most commonly used disinfectant for water in swimming pools is
chlorine. It is suitable because it works on the majority of micro-organisms, is
easy to use, its concentration can be measured in a simple way. It is available in
several forms (granules, liquid, tablets, etc.), with different proportion of free
chlorine. Limit value for free chlorine is 0.3 to 0.6 mg/l and for the bound chlo-
rine less than > 0.3 mg/l (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 39/11,
64/11 – corr. and 59/15). Chlorine in swimming pool water is binded to organic
materials of bathers (for example urine, sweat) and it forms chloramine, which
slows its effective cleaning power. For cleaning and rinsing water in swimming
pools there are used disinfectants that can also remove the Legionella (it is rec-
ommended to use at least 5 mg of chlorine per liter). It is also necessary to in-
spect and clean the area around the pool. Chlorine shock in warm water should
be carried out with 50 mg/l of free chlorine for 1 hour (Official of the Republic
of Slovenia, no. 39/11, 64/11 – corr. and 59/15. Official Gazette of the Republic of
Slovenia, no. 88/03, Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 56/06. Off-i
cial Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no.26/07).
Filters in the pools should be cleaned at least once a week; in swimming
pools with swirling warm water it is necessary to examine and clean the filters
on a daily basis (15, 16). pH should be maintained at 7.2-7.8 and 7.2-8.0. This is
important for bathers comfort and safety. The managers of swimming pools
have to control corrosion and chemical damage. If the biocides increase, they
will cause irritation of the eyes and skin. If the pH is increased, the chlorine
binds and becomes less effective. Cyanuric acid helps to balance the chlorine,
especially in outdoor pools, when chlorine is affected by UV light and the sun.
Carbonates and bi-CARB are added to balance pH, because of bather’s organic
pollution (Official of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 39/11, 64/11 – corr. and 59/15.
Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 88/03, Official Gazette of the
