Page 18 - Petelin, Ana. 2020. Ed. Zdravje delovno aktivne populacije / Health of the Working-Age Population. Proceedings. Koper: University of Primorska Press.
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avje delovno aktivne populacije | health of the working-age population 16 ficile, which has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (Rastall et
al., 2005). Therefore, it is of crucial importance to understand the inhibitory or
stimulatory effect of phenolic compounds on beneficial or pathogenic bacteria.
The influence of phenolic compounds on gut microbiota is summarized in de-
tails by Ozdal et al. (2016).
In vitro cell culture studies were performed by different polyphenol type
substances. Among flavonols tested on six bacteria species (Bacteroides ga-
lacturonicus, Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus caccae, Bifidobacterium catenu-
latum, Ruminococcus gauvreauii, and Escherichia coli) quercetin showed a
dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the growth of all analysed bacterial spe-
cies, whereas this effect was weaker for rutin (Duda-Chodak, 2012). In another
study quercetin supplementation resulted in an altered composition of gut mi-
crobiota at different taxonomic levels, including the relative Firmicutes:Bacte-
roidetes ratio and inhibiting the growth of bacterial species associated with di-
et-induced obesity such as Erysipelotrichaceae, Bacillus spp., and Eubacterium
cylindroides (Etxeberria et al., 2015).
Many different polyphenols were demonstrated to influence the growth
of human gut bacteria and their adhesion to enterocytes. Accordingly, narin-
genin promoted the growth of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, commensal E. coli,
along with inhibition of two pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonel-
la Typhimurium. In general, the Gram-positive enteropathogen S. aureus was
the most sensitive to naringenin, while the Gram-negative pathogen S. Typh-
imurium and the commensal bacteria E. coli were likely to be similar in their
sensitivity to naringenin (Parkar et al., 2008). The impact of naringenin and
hesperetin was tested on six bacteria species (Bacteroides galacturonicus, Lac-
tobacillus sp., E. caccae, B. catenulatum, R. gauvreauii, and E. coli) and inhibit-
ed the growth of almost all analysed bacteria (Duda-Chodak, 2012).
Isoflavones are transformed by gut microbiota, although there are few
studies regarding the effect of isoflavone supplementation on gut microbiota
composition. The investigated isoflavones (e.g. daidzein and genistein) induced
a decrease in bacterial growth (Kawabata et al., 2013). The consumption of fla-
vanol-rich foods containing epicatechin and catechin may support gut health
through their ability to exert prebiotic actions (Tzounis et al., 2008). The fla-
van-3-ol modulates microbiota composition and inherent catabolic activity, in-
ducing changes that could affect the bioavailability and potential bioactivity of
these compounds (Cueva et al., 2013).
Anthocyanins and their metabolites may stimulate beneficial members
of the gut microta community. Interestingly, malvidin-3-glucoside mixed with
other anthocyanins exhibited a synergistic effect in promoting beneficial mi-
crobes. In vitro incubation of phenolic gallic acid in a fecal slurry reduced a
group of potentially harmful bacteria such as Clostridium histolyticum with-
out any negative effects on beneficial bacteria. In addition, it significantly re-
duced Bacteroides spp. growth and enhanced both the total bacterial num-
ber and the abundance of Atopobium spp. (Hidalgo et al., 2012). In another
al., 2005). Therefore, it is of crucial importance to understand the inhibitory or
stimulatory effect of phenolic compounds on beneficial or pathogenic bacteria.
The influence of phenolic compounds on gut microbiota is summarized in de-
tails by Ozdal et al. (2016).
In vitro cell culture studies were performed by different polyphenol type
substances. Among flavonols tested on six bacteria species (Bacteroides ga-
lacturonicus, Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus caccae, Bifidobacterium catenu-
latum, Ruminococcus gauvreauii, and Escherichia coli) quercetin showed a
dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the growth of all analysed bacterial spe-
cies, whereas this effect was weaker for rutin (Duda-Chodak, 2012). In another
study quercetin supplementation resulted in an altered composition of gut mi-
crobiota at different taxonomic levels, including the relative Firmicutes:Bacte-
roidetes ratio and inhibiting the growth of bacterial species associated with di-
et-induced obesity such as Erysipelotrichaceae, Bacillus spp., and Eubacterium
cylindroides (Etxeberria et al., 2015).
Many different polyphenols were demonstrated to influence the growth
of human gut bacteria and their adhesion to enterocytes. Accordingly, narin-
genin promoted the growth of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, commensal E. coli,
along with inhibition of two pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonel-
la Typhimurium. In general, the Gram-positive enteropathogen S. aureus was
the most sensitive to naringenin, while the Gram-negative pathogen S. Typh-
imurium and the commensal bacteria E. coli were likely to be similar in their
sensitivity to naringenin (Parkar et al., 2008). The impact of naringenin and
hesperetin was tested on six bacteria species (Bacteroides galacturonicus, Lac-
tobacillus sp., E. caccae, B. catenulatum, R. gauvreauii, and E. coli) and inhibit-
ed the growth of almost all analysed bacteria (Duda-Chodak, 2012).
Isoflavones are transformed by gut microbiota, although there are few
studies regarding the effect of isoflavone supplementation on gut microbiota
composition. The investigated isoflavones (e.g. daidzein and genistein) induced
a decrease in bacterial growth (Kawabata et al., 2013). The consumption of fla-
vanol-rich foods containing epicatechin and catechin may support gut health
through their ability to exert prebiotic actions (Tzounis et al., 2008). The fla-
van-3-ol modulates microbiota composition and inherent catabolic activity, in-
ducing changes that could affect the bioavailability and potential bioactivity of
these compounds (Cueva et al., 2013).
Anthocyanins and their metabolites may stimulate beneficial members
of the gut microta community. Interestingly, malvidin-3-glucoside mixed with
other anthocyanins exhibited a synergistic effect in promoting beneficial mi-
crobes. In vitro incubation of phenolic gallic acid in a fecal slurry reduced a
group of potentially harmful bacteria such as Clostridium histolyticum with-
out any negative effects on beneficial bacteria. In addition, it significantly re-
duced Bacteroides spp. growth and enhanced both the total bacterial num-
ber and the abundance of Atopobium spp. (Hidalgo et al., 2012). In another
