Page 38 - Kutnar, Andreja, et al., eds., 2015. Proceedings of the 1st COST Action FP1307 International Conference - Life Cycle Assessment, EPDs, and modified wood. University of Primorska Press, Koper.

emissions
from
linear
vibration

Mojgan
Vaziri
1,
Caroline
Rogaume
2,
Eric
Masson
3,
Antonio
Pizzi
2,
and
Dick
Sandberg
1

1Department
of
Engineering
Sciences
and
Mathematics,
Lulea
University
of
Technology,
Skelleftea,
Sweden.

2ENSTIB-­‐LERMAB,
Université
de
Lorraine,
27
rue
du
Merle
Blanc,
CS
60036,
88026
Epinal,
France.

3CRITT
Bois,
27
rue
du
Merle
Blanc,
88051
Epinal,
France.

Keywords:
flask
method,
formaldehyde,
welding,
wood

Wood
welding
is
considered
to
be
an
environment-­‐friendly
technique
that
is
a
novel
procedure

for
joining
wood
pieces
with
only
wood
itself
(i.e.,
no
adhesives)
(Gfeller
et
al.
2003).
The
emission

of
volatile
organic
compounds
(VOC)
from
welded
wood
during
their
service
life
has
so
far
been

neglected.
The
objectives
of
this
study
were
(1)
to
determine
and
quantify
the
emission
of
VOC

from
welded
beech
wood,
and
(2)
to
study
the
effect
of
the
initial
moisture
content
(MC),
i.e.
the

MC
of
the
wood
before
the
welding
process,
on
the
VOC
emissions
from
welded
products.

Experimental:
Two
clear
samples
of
beech
(Fagus
sylvatica
L.)
with
dimensions
of
20
mm
×
20
mm

×
20
mm
and
12
%
MC
were
placed
in
the
emission
chamber
for
analysis.
To
study
the
impact
of

MC
on
the
VOC
emission,
two
pieces
of
the
same
dimension
were
prepared
from
saturated

welded
samples.
Formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde,
and
acetone/acroleine
were
the
main
compounds

detected
by
high-­‐pressure
liquid
chromatography
(HPLC).
Besides
aldehydes
and
ketones,

aromatic
hydrocarbons
such
as
furfural,
toluene,
and
ethylbenzene
in
a
variety
of
concentrations,

were
determined
by
gas
chromatography–mass
spectrometry
(GC–MS).

Results:
Formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde
and
acetone/acroleine
were
the
main
compounds
detected

by
HPLC.
Formaldehyde
emission
from
water-­‐saturated
specimens
was
lower
than
that
of
the
dry-­‐
welded
samples
(Fig.
1).

300

Formaldehyde
200
dry-­‐welded

emission
(µg/m²h)
wet-­‐welded

100

0

24
h
Measur7e2m
he
n t
Yme
144
h

Figure
1:

Dry-­‐welded
specimens
had
12
%
MC
and
wet-­‐welded
specimens
were
saturated
in
water

for
24
hours
[h].
Unwelded
samples
were
used
as
a
reference.

Acetaldehyde
emission
of
the
first
day
was
61
μg/m2h
for
dry-­‐welded
specimens,
which
decreased

to
23
μg/m2h
after
6
days
(Fig.
2).
The
emission
of
acetone/acrolein
for
dry-­‐welded
samples

decreased
from
75
µg/m2h
to
41
µg/m2h
after
6
days
(Fig.
3).
Once
again,
the
humidity
reduced

the
acrolein/acetone
emission.
Furfural
was
one
of
the
harmful
VOC
that
showed
very
high

concentration
at
24
h,
but
its
concentration
decreased
over
time
as
shown
in
Fig.
4.

26