Page 129 - Hojnik, Jana. 2017. In Persuit of Eco-innovation. Drivers and Consequences of Eco-innovation at Firm Level. Koper: University of Primorska Press
P. 129
Methodology
For the variables of competitive intensity and competitive pressure, we
used a 7-point scale anchored by “strongly disagree” and “strongly agree”.
Table 12: Items for two latent variables (Competitive intensity and Competitive pressure)
Measurement variable Source 129
Competitive intensity
Jaworski and Kohli (1993),
Competition in our industry is cutthroat. Slovenian translation Bod-
laj (2009)
Anything that one competitor can offer, others can match readily. Jaworski and Kohli (1993),
Slovenian translation Bod-
Price competition is a hallmark of our industry. laj (2009)
Jaworski and Kohli (1993),
Competitive pressure Slovenian translation Bod-
We establish the company’s environmental image compared to competitors laj (2009)
through the green concept.
We increase the company’s market share through green concept. Li (2014)
We improve the company’s competitive advantage over competitors through the
green concept. Li (2014)
Li (2014)
Measures for eco-innovation dimensions
Eco-innovation activities were measured with three latent variables:
product, process and organizational eco-innovation. Respondents were
asked to indicate their level of agreement with each statement on a sev-
en-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree). The meas-
ures were adapted from previous research works, while some of the items
were added and adapted based on the comments and insight from pilot
tests using in-depth managerial interviews.
Following Chen et al. (2006), Chen et al. (2008) and Chiou et al.
(2011), we used seven items to measure product eco-innovation (see Ta-
ble 13) using a seven-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strong-
ly agree).
For the variables of competitive intensity and competitive pressure, we
used a 7-point scale anchored by “strongly disagree” and “strongly agree”.
Table 12: Items for two latent variables (Competitive intensity and Competitive pressure)
Measurement variable Source 129
Competitive intensity
Jaworski and Kohli (1993),
Competition in our industry is cutthroat. Slovenian translation Bod-
laj (2009)
Anything that one competitor can offer, others can match readily. Jaworski and Kohli (1993),
Slovenian translation Bod-
Price competition is a hallmark of our industry. laj (2009)
Jaworski and Kohli (1993),
Competitive pressure Slovenian translation Bod-
We establish the company’s environmental image compared to competitors laj (2009)
through the green concept.
We increase the company’s market share through green concept. Li (2014)
We improve the company’s competitive advantage over competitors through the
green concept. Li (2014)
Li (2014)
Measures for eco-innovation dimensions
Eco-innovation activities were measured with three latent variables:
product, process and organizational eco-innovation. Respondents were
asked to indicate their level of agreement with each statement on a sev-
en-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree). The meas-
ures were adapted from previous research works, while some of the items
were added and adapted based on the comments and insight from pilot
tests using in-depth managerial interviews.
Following Chen et al. (2006), Chen et al. (2008) and Chiou et al.
(2011), we used seven items to measure product eco-innovation (see Ta-
ble 13) using a seven-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strong-
ly agree).
