Page 127 - Hojnik, Jana. 2017. In Persuit of Eco-innovation. Drivers and Consequences of Eco-innovation at Firm Level. Koper: University of Primorska Press
P. 127
Methodology
nine items, adapted from Agan et al. (2013). We also added one item of
our own, based on the literature review and recommendations from the
in-depth interviews with Slovenian environmental managers during the
pilot testing of the questionnaire. Finally, four items, following Agan et
al. (2013), measured customer demand. We asked each respondent to in-
dicate the extent (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree) to which they
agreed with the posited statements.
Table 10: Items for three latent variables (Managerial environmental concern, Expected be-
nefits, Customer demand)
Measurement variable Source 127
Managerial environmental concern Eiadat et al. (2008)
Eco-innovation is an important component of the company’s environmental man-
agement strategy. Eiadat et al. (2008)
Most eco-innovations are worthwhile. Eiadat et al. (2008)
Eco-innovation is necessary to achieve high levels of environmental performance. Eiadat et al. (2008)
Environmental innovation is an effective environmental management strategy.
Adapted from Agan et al.
Expected benefits (2013)
Agan et al. (2013)
To reduce costs (energy, material, etc.). Agan et al. (2013)
Agan et al. (2013)
To improve profitability. Own
To increase productivity. Adapted from Agan et al.
To increase market share. (2013)
To enter new markets. Agan et al. (2013)
Agan et al. (2013)
To improve firm reputation. Agan et al. (2013)
To strengthen the brand. Agan et al. (2013)
Competitive advantage. Agan et al. (2013)
Adjustment to EU. Agan et al. (2013)
Agan et al. (2013)
Customer demand
Environment is a critical issue for our important customers.
Our important customers often bring up environmental issues.
Customer demands motivate us in our environmental efforts.
Our customers have clear demands regarding environmental issues.
In Table 11, we show the items used to measure the command-and-con-
trol instrument and the economic incentive instrument, both of which
are latent variables pertaining to the construct environmental policy in-
nine items, adapted from Agan et al. (2013). We also added one item of
our own, based on the literature review and recommendations from the
in-depth interviews with Slovenian environmental managers during the
pilot testing of the questionnaire. Finally, four items, following Agan et
al. (2013), measured customer demand. We asked each respondent to in-
dicate the extent (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree) to which they
agreed with the posited statements.
Table 10: Items for three latent variables (Managerial environmental concern, Expected be-
nefits, Customer demand)
Measurement variable Source 127
Managerial environmental concern Eiadat et al. (2008)
Eco-innovation is an important component of the company’s environmental man-
agement strategy. Eiadat et al. (2008)
Most eco-innovations are worthwhile. Eiadat et al. (2008)
Eco-innovation is necessary to achieve high levels of environmental performance. Eiadat et al. (2008)
Environmental innovation is an effective environmental management strategy.
Adapted from Agan et al.
Expected benefits (2013)
Agan et al. (2013)
To reduce costs (energy, material, etc.). Agan et al. (2013)
Agan et al. (2013)
To improve profitability. Own
To increase productivity. Adapted from Agan et al.
To increase market share. (2013)
To enter new markets. Agan et al. (2013)
Agan et al. (2013)
To improve firm reputation. Agan et al. (2013)
To strengthen the brand. Agan et al. (2013)
Competitive advantage. Agan et al. (2013)
Adjustment to EU. Agan et al. (2013)
Agan et al. (2013)
Customer demand
Environment is a critical issue for our important customers.
Our important customers often bring up environmental issues.
Customer demands motivate us in our environmental efforts.
Our customers have clear demands regarding environmental issues.
In Table 11, we show the items used to measure the command-and-con-
trol instrument and the economic incentive instrument, both of which
are latent variables pertaining to the construct environmental policy in-
