Page 130 - Hojnik, Jana. 2017. In Persuit of Eco-innovation. Drivers and Consequences of Eco-innovation at Firm Level. Koper: University of Primorska Press
P. 130
In Pursuit of Eco-innovation
Table 13: Items for the latent variable of Product eco-innovation
Measurement variable Source
The company is using less or non-polluting/toxic materials (i.e., using environmen- Chiou et al. (2011), based on
tally friendly material). Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
The company is improving and designing environmentally friendly packaging (e.g., Chiou et al. (2011), based on
using less paper and plastic materials) for existing and new products. Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
The company is recovering end-of-life products and recycling. Chiou et al. (2011), based on
Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
The company is using eco-labeling. Chiou et al. (2011), based on
Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
The company chooses product materials that consume the least amount of energy Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
and resources for conducting the product development or design.
130 The company uses the smallest amount of materials necessary for the product devel- Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
opment or design.
The company deliberately evaluates whether the product is easy to recycle, reuse and Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
decompose when conducting the product development or design.
Table 14: Items for the latent variable of Process eco-innovation
Measurement variable Source
Low energy consumption such as water, electricity, gas and petrol during produc- Chiou et al. (2011), based on
tion/use/disposal. Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
Recycle, reuse and remanufacture material. Chiou et al. (2011), based on
Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
Use of cleaner technology to generate savings and prevent pollution (e.g., energy, Chiou et al. (2011), based on
water and waste). Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
The manufacturing process of the company effectively reduces the emission of haz- Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
ardous substances or waste.
The manufacturing process of the company reduces the use of raw materials. Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
Items for process eco-innovation are adopted from Chen et al. (2006),
Chen et al. (2008) and Chiou et al. (2011) and adapted based on inter-
views conducted in June 2014 with environmental managers from five
different Slovenian companies active in implementation of eco-innova-
tion. Five items were used to measure process eco-innovation (see Table
14), and respondents were asked to indicate their level of agreement with
each statement on a seven-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 =
strongly agree).
Table 13: Items for the latent variable of Product eco-innovation
Measurement variable Source
The company is using less or non-polluting/toxic materials (i.e., using environmen- Chiou et al. (2011), based on
tally friendly material). Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
The company is improving and designing environmentally friendly packaging (e.g., Chiou et al. (2011), based on
using less paper and plastic materials) for existing and new products. Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
The company is recovering end-of-life products and recycling. Chiou et al. (2011), based on
Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
The company is using eco-labeling. Chiou et al. (2011), based on
Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
The company chooses product materials that consume the least amount of energy Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
and resources for conducting the product development or design.
130 The company uses the smallest amount of materials necessary for the product devel- Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
opment or design.
The company deliberately evaluates whether the product is easy to recycle, reuse and Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
decompose when conducting the product development or design.
Table 14: Items for the latent variable of Process eco-innovation
Measurement variable Source
Low energy consumption such as water, electricity, gas and petrol during produc- Chiou et al. (2011), based on
tion/use/disposal. Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
Recycle, reuse and remanufacture material. Chiou et al. (2011), based on
Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
Use of cleaner technology to generate savings and prevent pollution (e.g., energy, Chiou et al. (2011), based on
water and waste). Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
The manufacturing process of the company effectively reduces the emission of haz- Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
ardous substances or waste.
The manufacturing process of the company reduces the use of raw materials. Chen et al. (2006, 2008)
Items for process eco-innovation are adopted from Chen et al. (2006),
Chen et al. (2008) and Chiou et al. (2011) and adapted based on inter-
views conducted in June 2014 with environmental managers from five
different Slovenian companies active in implementation of eco-innova-
tion. Five items were used to measure process eco-innovation (see Table
14), and respondents were asked to indicate their level of agreement with
each statement on a seven-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 =
strongly agree).
