Page 36 - Petelin, Ana, and Šarabon, Nejc. 2018. Eds. Zdravje starostnikov / Health of the Elderly. Znanstvena monografija / Proceedings. Koper: University of Primorska Press
P. 36
avje starostnikov | health of the elderly 36 Falls in adults over 65 years old are frequent (Rubenstein & Josephson,
2002) and are a cause of many injuries (Stevens et al., 2006) leading to impaired
mobility and physical fitness. Exercise programs are effective in reducing falls
and fall-related injuries in healthy older persons (El-Khoury et al., 2013; Gilles-
pie et al., 2012).
There is abundant evidence that exercise intervention improves balance
in frail elderly persons (Freiberger et al., 2012; Giné-Garriga et al., 2010; King et
al., 2002; Binder et al., 2003; Clemson et al., 2012; El-Khoury et al., 2015; Faber
et al., 2006; Giné-Garriga et al., 2013; King et al., 2006; Siegrist et al., 2016; Tay-
lor et al., 2012), even in very old persons (Cadore et al., 2014). A combination of
strength and balance training improves balance outcomes (Binder et al., 2002;
Fairhall et al., 2014; Freiberger et al., 2012; Giné-Garriga et al., 2010). When
strength and balance were complemented with gait and functional exercises
(El-Khoury et al., 2015; Freiberger et al., 2012; Siegriest et al., 2016) no addition-
al effect on balance outcomes was observed.
Discussion and conclusions
There is sufficient evidence that nutrition and frailty status are related. The
Mini Nutritional Assessment is a screening and assessment tool developed to
identify patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition.
Vitamin D supplementation is important in people with 25-OH vitamin
D level < 30 nmol/l. Healthy older people should consume in average 1.0 to 1.2
g/kg of body weight of protein per day. In acute or chronic disease, protein in-
take should be 1.2 to 1.5 g/kg/day or 2.0 g/kg/day in severe illness, injury or
marked malnutrition.
Physical activity and exercise in frail elderly are effective and relative-
ly safe and may reverse frailty. Most studies researched effects of interventions
on fall prevention and functional outcomes. The review showed that different
exercise interventions in frail elderly persons can increase strength and power,
have potential to maintain or even slightly increase fat-free mass, and are effec-
tive in improving aerobic capacity and balance. Consequently, fall incidence is
reduced and quality of life improved.
The aim of this research was present the results of a systematic litera-
ture review and data analysis focusing on nutrition in the context of managing
frailty at individual level. For the purposes of this research, a systematic liter-
ature review method was used. The method proved to be appropriate and the
aim was achieved.
Literature
BEAUDART, C., BUCKINX, F., RABENDA, V., GILLAIN, S., CAVALIER,
E., SLOMIAN, J., PETERMANS, J., REGINSTER, J.Y. in BRUYÈRE, O.,
2014. The effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle strength, muscle mass,
and muscle power: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized
2002) and are a cause of many injuries (Stevens et al., 2006) leading to impaired
mobility and physical fitness. Exercise programs are effective in reducing falls
and fall-related injuries in healthy older persons (El-Khoury et al., 2013; Gilles-
pie et al., 2012).
There is abundant evidence that exercise intervention improves balance
in frail elderly persons (Freiberger et al., 2012; Giné-Garriga et al., 2010; King et
al., 2002; Binder et al., 2003; Clemson et al., 2012; El-Khoury et al., 2015; Faber
et al., 2006; Giné-Garriga et al., 2013; King et al., 2006; Siegrist et al., 2016; Tay-
lor et al., 2012), even in very old persons (Cadore et al., 2014). A combination of
strength and balance training improves balance outcomes (Binder et al., 2002;
Fairhall et al., 2014; Freiberger et al., 2012; Giné-Garriga et al., 2010). When
strength and balance were complemented with gait and functional exercises
(El-Khoury et al., 2015; Freiberger et al., 2012; Siegriest et al., 2016) no addition-
al effect on balance outcomes was observed.
Discussion and conclusions
There is sufficient evidence that nutrition and frailty status are related. The
Mini Nutritional Assessment is a screening and assessment tool developed to
identify patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition.
Vitamin D supplementation is important in people with 25-OH vitamin
D level < 30 nmol/l. Healthy older people should consume in average 1.0 to 1.2
g/kg of body weight of protein per day. In acute or chronic disease, protein in-
take should be 1.2 to 1.5 g/kg/day or 2.0 g/kg/day in severe illness, injury or
marked malnutrition.
Physical activity and exercise in frail elderly are effective and relative-
ly safe and may reverse frailty. Most studies researched effects of interventions
on fall prevention and functional outcomes. The review showed that different
exercise interventions in frail elderly persons can increase strength and power,
have potential to maintain or even slightly increase fat-free mass, and are effec-
tive in improving aerobic capacity and balance. Consequently, fall incidence is
reduced and quality of life improved.
The aim of this research was present the results of a systematic litera-
ture review and data analysis focusing on nutrition in the context of managing
frailty at individual level. For the purposes of this research, a systematic liter-
ature review method was used. The method proved to be appropriate and the
aim was achieved.
Literature
BEAUDART, C., BUCKINX, F., RABENDA, V., GILLAIN, S., CAVALIER,
E., SLOMIAN, J., PETERMANS, J., REGINSTER, J.Y. in BRUYÈRE, O.,
2014. The effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle strength, muscle mass,
and muscle power: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized
