Page 429 - Panjek, Aleksander, Jesper Larsson and Luca Mocarelli, eds. 2017. Integrated Peasant Economy in a Comparative Perspective: Alps, Scandinavia and Beyond. Koper: University of Primorska Press
P. 429
pluriactivity, part-time farming, farm diversification ...
source of income, to increase the standard of living and to ensure funds for
investment in primary agricultural activity towards market opportunities
(Knific 2013).
Labour mobility from agricultural activities to higher, efficient non-ag-
ricultural employment activities in Slovenia with income diversification
has increased (Bojnec and Dries 2005; Bojnec and Latruffe 2013). Diversifi-
cation of incomes with off-farm employment in addition to other revenues
and remunerations has become the most important income source of agri-
cultural holdings. Off-farm employment and off-farm incomes play a cru-
cial role for survival and provide funds for investments, including the edu-
cation of children (Knific 2013; Bojnec and Fertő 2013).
Strategies of agricultural holdings and family household farming ob-
jectives are focusing on preserving family tradition and the survival of ag-
ricultural holdings. Diversification of incomes with non-agricultural em-
ployment is inevitable for the survival of most of the agricultural holdings,
but income diversification with off-farm employment depends on the age
and education of agricultural holding members (Bojnec and Dries 2005;
Knific 2013). Diversification of incomes with supplementary activity and
thus on-agricultural holding non-agricultural employment is more in fa-
vour with the younger members, with vocational or secondary employ-
ment, while those with a university education give priority to off-farm em-
ployment. A head of an agricultural holding is often most engaged with
maintaining agricultural production as a crucial labour force and the man-
agement of the agricultural holding for agricultural activity and the trans-
fer of the agricultural holding to a successor (Knific 2013). Abandonment of
agricultural production on an agricultural holding is most likely at a stage
of transfer of farm to a successor, especially if non-agricultural self-em-
ployment on-agricultural holding and off-farm incomes are ensuring the
economic survival and if the farm is economically too small to be able to
ensure incomes for at least one of the agricultural holding members.
Finally, in the EU member states, including Slovenia, the EU agricul-
tural holding typology has been developed as the methodology to simpli-
fy, harmonise and standardise in a homogeneous way cross-country farm
data comparability. This agricultural holding typology is used by the Farm
Accountancy Data Network (FADN) (Eurostat, 2012), censuses of agricul-
tural holdings (Farm Structure Survey, FSS) and the statistical offices in the
EU member states. Farm structures are different between the EU member
states (Eurostat 2016b).
427
source of income, to increase the standard of living and to ensure funds for
investment in primary agricultural activity towards market opportunities
(Knific 2013).
Labour mobility from agricultural activities to higher, efficient non-ag-
ricultural employment activities in Slovenia with income diversification
has increased (Bojnec and Dries 2005; Bojnec and Latruffe 2013). Diversifi-
cation of incomes with off-farm employment in addition to other revenues
and remunerations has become the most important income source of agri-
cultural holdings. Off-farm employment and off-farm incomes play a cru-
cial role for survival and provide funds for investments, including the edu-
cation of children (Knific 2013; Bojnec and Fertő 2013).
Strategies of agricultural holdings and family household farming ob-
jectives are focusing on preserving family tradition and the survival of ag-
ricultural holdings. Diversification of incomes with non-agricultural em-
ployment is inevitable for the survival of most of the agricultural holdings,
but income diversification with off-farm employment depends on the age
and education of agricultural holding members (Bojnec and Dries 2005;
Knific 2013). Diversification of incomes with supplementary activity and
thus on-agricultural holding non-agricultural employment is more in fa-
vour with the younger members, with vocational or secondary employ-
ment, while those with a university education give priority to off-farm em-
ployment. A head of an agricultural holding is often most engaged with
maintaining agricultural production as a crucial labour force and the man-
agement of the agricultural holding for agricultural activity and the trans-
fer of the agricultural holding to a successor (Knific 2013). Abandonment of
agricultural production on an agricultural holding is most likely at a stage
of transfer of farm to a successor, especially if non-agricultural self-em-
ployment on-agricultural holding and off-farm incomes are ensuring the
economic survival and if the farm is economically too small to be able to
ensure incomes for at least one of the agricultural holding members.
Finally, in the EU member states, including Slovenia, the EU agricul-
tural holding typology has been developed as the methodology to simpli-
fy, harmonise and standardise in a homogeneous way cross-country farm
data comparability. This agricultural holding typology is used by the Farm
Accountancy Data Network (FADN) (Eurostat, 2012), censuses of agricul-
tural holdings (Farm Structure Survey, FSS) and the statistical offices in the
EU member states. Farm structures are different between the EU member
states (Eurostat 2016b).
427
