Page 24 - Petelin, Ana. 2020. Ed. Zdravje delovno aktivne populacije / Health of the Working-Age Population. Proceedings. Koper: University of Primorska Press.
P. 24
avje delovno aktivne populacije | health of the working-age population 22 P=0.08). However, there were no statistically significant changes in appetite
for snacks (baseline: 4.30 ± 2.27, quarantine: 4.91 ± 2.47, P=0.35). More than
80% participants bought food once a week or just once or twice in four
weeks. Only three participants reported ∆BM > +3 kg during quarantine.
Discussion and conclusions: Despite the drop of EI and PAEE during
quarantine, diet quality was poorer during quarantine. Lower diet quality
and less PA during first four weeks of quarantine were not reflected in more
than 3 kg increase in BM in healthy lean adults.
Keywords: COVID-19 quarantine, diet quality, energy intake, physical
activity
Introduction
On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the
outbreak of COVID-19 to be a pandemic (WHO, 2020). In the beginning of
April, half of the world population was in isolation or quarantine (Q) (Sand-
ford, 2020), which are effective tools to prevent the spread of a new infectious
disease (Cetron et al, 2004)and the practice was used widely in 14th-centu-
ry Europe to control the spread of bubonic and pneumonic plague. To prevent
disease transmission, ships were required to stay in harbor for 40 days before
disembarkation (thus the term quarantine, which derives from the Latin quad-
ragina or the Italian quaranta, meaning 40. In Slovenia, gathering of people in
public was restricted and restaurants and cafes were closed (Odlok o začasni
splošni prepovedi gibanja in zbiranja ljudi na javnih mestih in površinah v Re-
publiki Sloveniji, 2020). Big changes in lifestyle occurred in a very short period.
Many people worked from home, schools and kindergartens were closed, and
people were at home most of the time. The rise in unstructured time, stress,
and anxiety might further lead to overeating, sedentary behaviour, and weight
gain (Pearl, 2020)COVID-19. Q affects food availability and the preparation of
food as well (Gupta et al, 2005). Mass purchases of food, especially with long
shelf life, took place in Slovenia which was reported by the local media (Trgo-
vine izropane, 2020). Besides that, lay publications started to publish nutrition-
al contents for food choice during Q (Jaklič, 2020). Online shops were congest-
ed due to a sudden increase in demand. On the other hand, in some areas of
Slovenia, local food supply from growers and farmers was established. The or-
dered locally produced food was delivered to the buyer contactless (Penjak,
2020). Local food supply offered vegetable, fruit, and also fish, meat, milk, eggs
and honey (Šubic, 2020).
It has been shown that people with a better nutritional status have small-
er chances of infection and a better prognosis in case of infection (Zhang and
Liu, 2020). It has also been shown that physical activity (PA) improves immune
defence and may lower the severity of disease progression (Chen et al, 2020).
Despite the previous country-wide Q in the outbreaks of SARS in 2003, H1N1
in 2009 and MERS in 2013, which took place in China, Taiwan, Canada, the
United States of America, South Korea, and Saudi Arabia, there are no studies
for snacks (baseline: 4.30 ± 2.27, quarantine: 4.91 ± 2.47, P=0.35). More than
80% participants bought food once a week or just once or twice in four
weeks. Only three participants reported ∆BM > +3 kg during quarantine.
Discussion and conclusions: Despite the drop of EI and PAEE during
quarantine, diet quality was poorer during quarantine. Lower diet quality
and less PA during first four weeks of quarantine were not reflected in more
than 3 kg increase in BM in healthy lean adults.
Keywords: COVID-19 quarantine, diet quality, energy intake, physical
activity
Introduction
On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the
outbreak of COVID-19 to be a pandemic (WHO, 2020). In the beginning of
April, half of the world population was in isolation or quarantine (Q) (Sand-
ford, 2020), which are effective tools to prevent the spread of a new infectious
disease (Cetron et al, 2004)and the practice was used widely in 14th-centu-
ry Europe to control the spread of bubonic and pneumonic plague. To prevent
disease transmission, ships were required to stay in harbor for 40 days before
disembarkation (thus the term quarantine, which derives from the Latin quad-
ragina or the Italian quaranta, meaning 40. In Slovenia, gathering of people in
public was restricted and restaurants and cafes were closed (Odlok o začasni
splošni prepovedi gibanja in zbiranja ljudi na javnih mestih in površinah v Re-
publiki Sloveniji, 2020). Big changes in lifestyle occurred in a very short period.
Many people worked from home, schools and kindergartens were closed, and
people were at home most of the time. The rise in unstructured time, stress,
and anxiety might further lead to overeating, sedentary behaviour, and weight
gain (Pearl, 2020)COVID-19. Q affects food availability and the preparation of
food as well (Gupta et al, 2005). Mass purchases of food, especially with long
shelf life, took place in Slovenia which was reported by the local media (Trgo-
vine izropane, 2020). Besides that, lay publications started to publish nutrition-
al contents for food choice during Q (Jaklič, 2020). Online shops were congest-
ed due to a sudden increase in demand. On the other hand, in some areas of
Slovenia, local food supply from growers and farmers was established. The or-
dered locally produced food was delivered to the buyer contactless (Penjak,
2020). Local food supply offered vegetable, fruit, and also fish, meat, milk, eggs
and honey (Šubic, 2020).
It has been shown that people with a better nutritional status have small-
er chances of infection and a better prognosis in case of infection (Zhang and
Liu, 2020). It has also been shown that physical activity (PA) improves immune
defence and may lower the severity of disease progression (Chen et al, 2020).
Despite the previous country-wide Q in the outbreaks of SARS in 2003, H1N1
in 2009 and MERS in 2013, which took place in China, Taiwan, Canada, the
United States of America, South Korea, and Saudi Arabia, there are no studies
