Page 339 - Stati inu obstati, revija za vprašanja protestantizma, letnik IV (2008), številki 7-8, ISSN 1408-8363
P. 339
SYNOPSES, ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEN
UDC 282(497.12): 943.6”15/16”
France M. Dolinar
The Counter-Reformation in the Inner Austrian provinces
and the fate of Protestants
In connection with the Counter-Reformation, the renewal within the church
and the political re-Catholicization of the province needs to be taken into
account. Within the Inner Austrian provinces, political re-Catholicization took
place according to the principle of the Peace of Augsburg (1555), cuius regio eius
et religio. The Inner Austrian Archduke Ferdinand I was a Roman Catholic and
opposed Protestantism; he made use of the Catholic faith to shape his ab-
solutist authority, but because of other interests he was prepared to make
compromises with Protestants. The following Archduke, Charles II, in a letter
of 1569 to his brother, the emperor Maximilian II, presented a precisely worked-
out programme of political re-Catholicization for his provinces, but for the
sake of defence against the Turks he was forced to accept the Religious Paci-
fications of Graz (1572) and of Bruck an der Mur (1578). The nobility wanted
to extend acknowledged religious privileges to their bondsmen as well. In
Carniola, Primož Trubar with the publication of his Cerkovna ordninga (1564)
had already organized a provincial Lutheran church for the Slovenes under the
protection of the Provincial Estates. In 1579 the Bavarian Duke Wilhelm, the
Tyrolian Duke Ferdinand and the Inner Austrian Archduke Charles agreed on
a unified stance against the Protestants; a similar agreement was later made
by the Ljubljana (Tavčar), Brixen and Freising bishops. Concrete principles
of re-Catholicization were laid down by the Lavantine bishop Jurij Stobäus.
In Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, re-Catholicization committees took posses-
sion of churches and property which Protestants had earlier taken from Catho-
lics and destroyed all the marks of the Protestant presence in the Inner Austrian
provinces, including Protestant books. It is mistaken to judge the severity of
these Catholic measures only through the prism of Slovene cultural history;
the Counter-Reformation was not directed against Slovene books as such.
UDC 316.72(497.4): 82”15/16”
Božidar Jezernik
Trubar: two faces of the image
The new political groups (nations) which had begun to appear in the
nineteenth century in Inner Austria were so much without precedence in the
past that the first Slovenian newspaper, Kmetijske in rokodelske novice, asserted
that at that time not all people could distinguish between the words narodno
(national, popular) and nerodno (clumsy, awkward). Still in the second half of
the nineteenth century, the idea of a ‘nation’ in Inner Austria was a novelty, for
which the contemporaries had no basis in their personal experience.
337
UDC 282(497.12): 943.6”15/16”
France M. Dolinar
The Counter-Reformation in the Inner Austrian provinces
and the fate of Protestants
In connection with the Counter-Reformation, the renewal within the church
and the political re-Catholicization of the province needs to be taken into
account. Within the Inner Austrian provinces, political re-Catholicization took
place according to the principle of the Peace of Augsburg (1555), cuius regio eius
et religio. The Inner Austrian Archduke Ferdinand I was a Roman Catholic and
opposed Protestantism; he made use of the Catholic faith to shape his ab-
solutist authority, but because of other interests he was prepared to make
compromises with Protestants. The following Archduke, Charles II, in a letter
of 1569 to his brother, the emperor Maximilian II, presented a precisely worked-
out programme of political re-Catholicization for his provinces, but for the
sake of defence against the Turks he was forced to accept the Religious Paci-
fications of Graz (1572) and of Bruck an der Mur (1578). The nobility wanted
to extend acknowledged religious privileges to their bondsmen as well. In
Carniola, Primož Trubar with the publication of his Cerkovna ordninga (1564)
had already organized a provincial Lutheran church for the Slovenes under the
protection of the Provincial Estates. In 1579 the Bavarian Duke Wilhelm, the
Tyrolian Duke Ferdinand and the Inner Austrian Archduke Charles agreed on
a unified stance against the Protestants; a similar agreement was later made
by the Ljubljana (Tavčar), Brixen and Freising bishops. Concrete principles
of re-Catholicization were laid down by the Lavantine bishop Jurij Stobäus.
In Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, re-Catholicization committees took posses-
sion of churches and property which Protestants had earlier taken from Catho-
lics and destroyed all the marks of the Protestant presence in the Inner Austrian
provinces, including Protestant books. It is mistaken to judge the severity of
these Catholic measures only through the prism of Slovene cultural history;
the Counter-Reformation was not directed against Slovene books as such.
UDC 316.72(497.4): 82”15/16”
Božidar Jezernik
Trubar: two faces of the image
The new political groups (nations) which had begun to appear in the
nineteenth century in Inner Austria were so much without precedence in the
past that the first Slovenian newspaper, Kmetijske in rokodelske novice, asserted
that at that time not all people could distinguish between the words narodno
(national, popular) and nerodno (clumsy, awkward). Still in the second half of
the nineteenth century, the idea of a ‘nation’ in Inner Austria was a novelty, for
which the contemporaries had no basis in their personal experience.
337
