Page 67 - Studia Universitatis Hereditati, vol 8(1) (2020)
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ia universitatisFigure 1 The Vignette of the Chapter 168 A, B and D of the Book of the dead (Barguet 1967, 242.)
two stelae from the egyptian museum cg: 22018, 22050 67
became to give the meaning “the dead ones” rt-caverns in the chapter 168 A-B in the Book
(Cauville 1997, 202.), we find also the four of the dead12 and the Books of afterlife in New
Nnyw represented as four ladies, all of them kingdom (Murray 1904, Pl. V.; Leitz 2002, VII,
sitting on a bed (Cauville 1997, Pl. 94.). 223–24.). They appear in caverns, which look
Their role according the Book of the dead like the boxes, their job was to accompany Re-
“may they put friendliness toward Osiris (N) Osiris who judges the bas (Goyon 1976, 169.),
in the broad hall of the two truths” (Allen they are the inhabitants of the caverns (qrrt) of
1974, 164.). the Netherworld (dwAt) and protect them, and
(VI) HfAw “the gods of reverence” the word they guide the deceased through the Nether-
derives from the verb Hf(A) “to praise, world and lead him to the good road in the west
to revere” (Wilson 1997, 641.). They are four (Herbin 1994, I, 21, VIII, 23–24.).
deities (Leitz 2002d, V, 130.)10 appearing
in the 8th cavern at the Chapter 168 of the 6: nTrw-aAyt “the gods of the shrine”
Book of the dead11. (Leitz 2002c, IV, 477.) are mentioned among the
6: nTrw q rty expression referring to gods who give the deceased a beautiful burial at
the inhabitants of the different (Maspero 1914, the necropolis of Edfu (Kamal 1904–1905, CG
43, 54) zones called qrrt (Nagel 1929, 43, 21.). 22018, 19.). The word aAyt refers either to the
Goyon translated the term as “the gods of the whole or part of a temple building (Wilson 1997,
caverns” (Goyon 1972a, 277.) referring to the q r- 135; Daumas 1958, 228, Nr. 5.).
10 See Book of the Dead, Chapter 175 (in pBM EA10470); cf. e.g. 6: nTrw-mXn t “the gods of crossing”,
[Faulkner and Goelet 1998, Pl. 29, Cols 16–19]: i w. k r HH n HH are a group of deities who appeared in the Gre-
aHaw n HH; [...] i w. i g rt r HD(i) i rt n . i n b t ; i w tA p n r iy co-Roman Period (Leitz 2002c, IV, 494.), they
m Nw n , m H{w}Hw, m i t p . f-a; i n k z p Hna Ws i r; i r. n . i were probably responsible for crossing or pass-
x p rw. i m [...] HfAw, n n rx . z n rmT, n n mAA. z n nTrw. On ing the deceased through the rivers in the after-
another similar passage from the Coffin Texts, see De Buck 1961, world, so the word sometimes determined with
VII, 1130, §§ 461c–471g; De Buck 1935–1961, II, 80, §§ 27d–43h. For the sign 13.
an analysis, see: Maravelia 2012, 103–1, see also Maspero 1914, 43.
12 See in Barguet 1976, 242–46; Budge 1898, 422 ff.; Naville 1886, Pl.
11 In the Book of the dead there is a very characteristic and interesting CLXXXVII–CLXXIX; Faulkner, 1985, 162–66.
eschatological passage, where the supreme solar creator, the prime-
val god Ra- Itum predicts the catastrophic end of the Universe, whi- 13 See in Kamal 1904–1905, CG 22049.
ch will destroy every god and every human on his own, see Barguet
1976, 243. see also Budge 1898, 422, 424; Naville 1886, 185.
two stelae from the egyptian museum cg: 22018, 22050 67
became to give the meaning “the dead ones” rt-caverns in the chapter 168 A-B in the Book
(Cauville 1997, 202.), we find also the four of the dead12 and the Books of afterlife in New
Nnyw represented as four ladies, all of them kingdom (Murray 1904, Pl. V.; Leitz 2002, VII,
sitting on a bed (Cauville 1997, Pl. 94.). 223–24.). They appear in caverns, which look
Their role according the Book of the dead like the boxes, their job was to accompany Re-
“may they put friendliness toward Osiris (N) Osiris who judges the bas (Goyon 1976, 169.),
in the broad hall of the two truths” (Allen they are the inhabitants of the caverns (qrrt) of
1974, 164.). the Netherworld (dwAt) and protect them, and
(VI) HfAw “the gods of reverence” the word they guide the deceased through the Nether-
derives from the verb Hf(A) “to praise, world and lead him to the good road in the west
to revere” (Wilson 1997, 641.). They are four (Herbin 1994, I, 21, VIII, 23–24.).
deities (Leitz 2002d, V, 130.)10 appearing
in the 8th cavern at the Chapter 168 of the 6: nTrw-aAyt “the gods of the shrine”
Book of the dead11. (Leitz 2002c, IV, 477.) are mentioned among the
6: nTrw q rty expression referring to gods who give the deceased a beautiful burial at
the inhabitants of the different (Maspero 1914, the necropolis of Edfu (Kamal 1904–1905, CG
43, 54) zones called qrrt (Nagel 1929, 43, 21.). 22018, 19.). The word aAyt refers either to the
Goyon translated the term as “the gods of the whole or part of a temple building (Wilson 1997,
caverns” (Goyon 1972a, 277.) referring to the q r- 135; Daumas 1958, 228, Nr. 5.).
10 See Book of the Dead, Chapter 175 (in pBM EA10470); cf. e.g. 6: nTrw-mXn t “the gods of crossing”,
[Faulkner and Goelet 1998, Pl. 29, Cols 16–19]: i w. k r HH n HH
aHaw n HH; [...] i w. i g rt r HD(i) i rt n . i n b t ; i w tA p n r iy co-Roman Period (Leitz 2002c, IV, 494.), they
m Nw n , m H{w}Hw, m i t p . f-a; i n k z p Hna Ws i r; i r. n . i were probably responsible for crossing or pass-
x p rw. i m [...] HfAw, n n rx . z n rmT, n n mAA. z n nTrw. On ing the deceased through the rivers in the after-
another similar passage from the Coffin Texts, see De Buck 1961, world, so the word sometimes determined with
VII, 1130, §§ 461c–471g; De Buck 1935–1961, II, 80, §§ 27d–43h. For the sign 13.
an analysis, see: Maravelia 2012, 103–1, see also Maspero 1914, 43.
12 See in Barguet 1976, 242–46; Budge 1898, 422 ff.; Naville 1886, Pl.
11 In the Book of the dead there is a very characteristic and interesting CLXXXVII–CLXXIX; Faulkner, 1985, 162–66.
eschatological passage, where the supreme solar creator, the prime-
val god Ra- Itum predicts the catastrophic end of the Universe, whi- 13 See in Kamal 1904–1905, CG 22049.
ch will destroy every god and every human on his own, see Barguet
1976, 243. see also Budge 1898, 422, 424; Naville 1886, 185.
