Page 68 - Studia Universitatis Hereditati, vol. 5(2) (2017)
P. 68
dia universitatis her editati, letnik 5 (2017), številk a 2 68maksimalnog trajanja života u preindustrijskim imographic study of people from the past based on ar-
industrijskim zajednicama. chaeological remains. In the context of skeletal paleode-
hereditati mography, these remains are skeletal remains of people,
Naposletku, sumirajući razloge za neslaga- whose macroscopic analysis of the age at the moment
nje klasičnih skeletnih podataka sa pisanim, et- of death, determined the increased mortality of adults
nološkim i biološkim izvorima o ljudskoj du- between 20 in 40 years and the shortage of people old-
govečnosti, mogu se izdvojiti sledeće najvažnije er than 50 and 60 years. Because this pattern was repeat-
pristrasnosti ka većoj učestalosti mlađih odra- ed (in both hunting-gathering and farming communi-
slih individua u skeletnim zbirkama i posle- ties, that is, in all preindustrial populations, regardless of
dičnog brisanja doživljavanja duboke starosti u space and time) in the 1980s was made a serious critique
prošlosti: a) izjednačavanje očekivanog životnog of classic skeletal paleodemographic analysis. On the
veka pri rođenju (koji je u preindustrijskim po- other hand, biological, historical and ethnological data
pulacijama izrazito smanjen zbog velike smrt- support the existence of longevity in preindustrial com-
nosti beba) i prosečnog maksimalnog trajanja munities. In addition to skeletal mimicry, the negation
života, b) izjednačavanje hronološke i biološke of longevity in the archaeological context contributed
starosti, c) nepreciznost makroskopskih skelet- to: equalizing life expectancy at birth (extremely low in
nih indikatora za individue preko 50 godina sta- preindustrial populations due to the high mortality of
rosti, i d) skeletna mimikrija u KSPDA. the children) and the average maximum life expectan-
cy, then equalizing calendar and biological age, and the
Povzetek inaccuracy of macroscopic skeletal age indicators for in-
dividuals over 50 years.
Paleodemografske raziskave so zelo pomembne pri ar-
heoloških in antropoloških teorijah. Gre za demograf- Literatura
sko proučevanje ljudi iz preteklosti, ki temelji na arheo-
loških ostankov. Klasična skeletna paleodemografija se Acsádi, György, and János Nemeskéri. History
ukvarja z raziskavami okostij z arheoloških najdišč. Po of Human Life Span and Mortality.
klasični metodi, ki se izvaja s pomočjo makroskopske Budapest: Akadémiai Kiado, 1970.
analize, skeletni ostanki kažejo, da je bila pogosto velika
smrtnost odraslih individua od 20 do 40 let in da v pre- Bocquet-Appel, Jean-Pierre, and Claude
teklosti ni bilo ljudi starejših od 50 in 60 let. Ko je ugoto- Masset. “Farewell to paleodemography.”
vljeno, da se ta vzorec ponavlja v vseh predindustrijskih Journal of Human Evolution 11, no. 4
populacijah, ne glede na prostor in čas, se je v osemde- (1982): 321–33.
setih letih 20. stoletja izrazil resno kritiko klasične ske-
letne paleodemografske analize. Po drugi strani, biolo- Bocquet-Appel, Jean-Pierre, and Anna
ški, zgodovinski in etnološki podatki podpirajo obstoj Degioanni. “Neanderthal demographic
dolgoživosti v predindustrijskih skupnostih. Poleg ske- estimates.” Current Anthropology 54
letne mimikrije, negaciji dolgoživosti v arheološkem (December, 2013): S202–13. https://
kontekstu so prispevali: izenačenje pričakovane življenj- www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/
ske dobi ob rojstvu (ki je v predindustrijskih populaci- pdfplus/10.1086/673725
jah veliko manjša, zaradi visoke umrljivosti dojenčkov)
in povprečnega maksimalnega trajanja življenja, nato pa Bondár, Mária. “The cemetery (with catologue
izenačevanje kronološke in biološke starosti ter netoč- of graves).” In The copper age cemetery
nost makroskopskih skeletnih kazalnikov starosti za po- of Budakalász, eds. M. Bondár and P.
sameznike, ki so starejši od 50 let. Raczky, 11–196. Budapest: Pytheas, 2009.
Summary Caspari, Rachel, and Sang-Hee Lee. “Older
age becomes common late in human
Paleodemographic research is of great importance in evolution.” Proceedings of the National
archeological and anthropological theories. This is a de- Academy of Sciences 101 (July, 2004):
10895–900. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402857101.
industrijskim zajednicama. chaeological remains. In the context of skeletal paleode-
hereditati mography, these remains are skeletal remains of people,
Naposletku, sumirajući razloge za neslaga- whose macroscopic analysis of the age at the moment
nje klasičnih skeletnih podataka sa pisanim, et- of death, determined the increased mortality of adults
nološkim i biološkim izvorima o ljudskoj du- between 20 in 40 years and the shortage of people old-
govečnosti, mogu se izdvojiti sledeće najvažnije er than 50 and 60 years. Because this pattern was repeat-
pristrasnosti ka većoj učestalosti mlađih odra- ed (in both hunting-gathering and farming communi-
slih individua u skeletnim zbirkama i posle- ties, that is, in all preindustrial populations, regardless of
dičnog brisanja doživljavanja duboke starosti u space and time) in the 1980s was made a serious critique
prošlosti: a) izjednačavanje očekivanog životnog of classic skeletal paleodemographic analysis. On the
veka pri rođenju (koji je u preindustrijskim po- other hand, biological, historical and ethnological data
pulacijama izrazito smanjen zbog velike smrt- support the existence of longevity in preindustrial com-
nosti beba) i prosečnog maksimalnog trajanja munities. In addition to skeletal mimicry, the negation
života, b) izjednačavanje hronološke i biološke of longevity in the archaeological context contributed
starosti, c) nepreciznost makroskopskih skelet- to: equalizing life expectancy at birth (extremely low in
nih indikatora za individue preko 50 godina sta- preindustrial populations due to the high mortality of
rosti, i d) skeletna mimikrija u KSPDA. the children) and the average maximum life expectan-
cy, then equalizing calendar and biological age, and the
Povzetek inaccuracy of macroscopic skeletal age indicators for in-
dividuals over 50 years.
Paleodemografske raziskave so zelo pomembne pri ar-
heoloških in antropoloških teorijah. Gre za demograf- Literatura
sko proučevanje ljudi iz preteklosti, ki temelji na arheo-
loških ostankov. Klasična skeletna paleodemografija se Acsádi, György, and János Nemeskéri. History
ukvarja z raziskavami okostij z arheoloških najdišč. Po of Human Life Span and Mortality.
klasični metodi, ki se izvaja s pomočjo makroskopske Budapest: Akadémiai Kiado, 1970.
analize, skeletni ostanki kažejo, da je bila pogosto velika
smrtnost odraslih individua od 20 do 40 let in da v pre- Bocquet-Appel, Jean-Pierre, and Claude
teklosti ni bilo ljudi starejših od 50 in 60 let. Ko je ugoto- Masset. “Farewell to paleodemography.”
vljeno, da se ta vzorec ponavlja v vseh predindustrijskih Journal of Human Evolution 11, no. 4
populacijah, ne glede na prostor in čas, se je v osemde- (1982): 321–33.
setih letih 20. stoletja izrazil resno kritiko klasične ske-
letne paleodemografske analize. Po drugi strani, biolo- Bocquet-Appel, Jean-Pierre, and Anna
ški, zgodovinski in etnološki podatki podpirajo obstoj Degioanni. “Neanderthal demographic
dolgoživosti v predindustrijskih skupnostih. Poleg ske- estimates.” Current Anthropology 54
letne mimikrije, negaciji dolgoživosti v arheološkem (December, 2013): S202–13. https://
kontekstu so prispevali: izenačenje pričakovane življenj- www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/
ske dobi ob rojstvu (ki je v predindustrijskih populaci- pdfplus/10.1086/673725
jah veliko manjša, zaradi visoke umrljivosti dojenčkov)
in povprečnega maksimalnega trajanja življenja, nato pa Bondár, Mária. “The cemetery (with catologue
izenačevanje kronološke in biološke starosti ter netoč- of graves).” In The copper age cemetery
nost makroskopskih skeletnih kazalnikov starosti za po- of Budakalász, eds. M. Bondár and P.
sameznike, ki so starejši od 50 let. Raczky, 11–196. Budapest: Pytheas, 2009.
Summary Caspari, Rachel, and Sang-Hee Lee. “Older
age becomes common late in human
Paleodemographic research is of great importance in evolution.” Proceedings of the National
archeological and anthropological theories. This is a de- Academy of Sciences 101 (July, 2004):
10895–900. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402857101.
