Page 100 - Glasbenopedagoški zbornik Akademije za glasbo, letnik 20, zvezek 40 ◆ The Journal of Music Education of the Academy of Music in Ljubljana, volume 20, issue 40

who ran 3 km with musical accompaniment at a tempo of 115 bpm and those who ran
glasbenopedagoški zbornik ◆ letnik/volume 20 ◆ številka/number 40
without it. The study involved 11 healthy male participants aged between 21 and 29 years.
The research was conducted in three phases. The first phase was dedicated to initial meas-
urements of aerobic endurance levels and the division of participants into two groups.
The protocol, which was repeated twice, was implemented in the second phase. In the
third phase, aerobic endurance levels were re-measured.
For measuring changes in the first phase, a semi-structured interview was conducted
with each participant and the Shuttle Run Test was used to measure aerobic endurance
levels. Participants were then divided into a control group and an experimental group.
The control group ran with a musical background selected from four provided play-
lists, all adjusted to a tempo of 115 bpm, predetermined by the researchers. In the second
phase, participants independently executed the protocol, which included two precisely
structured training sessions featuring a 3 km run and heart rate measurement through-
out the protocol day. The third phase involved re-measuring the participants’ aerobic en-
durance levels using the Shuttle Run Test.
The analysis of the collected data did not confirm the existence of differences in heart
rate between participants running with musical accompaniment and those running
without it. This may be attributed to the small sample size, insufficiently precise meas-
urement elements and inadequately controlled protocol environment. Nevertheless,
it was observed that both groups improved their results compared to the initial meas-
urement (20-metre Shuttle Run Test). The experimental group demonstrated a great-
er improvement in endurance results compared to the control group, with smaller var-
iances within the group. This slight difference in perceived exertion, obtained from the
final Shuttle Run Test, could be associated with the ergogenic effect of music, which can
serve as a motivational factor contributing to reduced perceived effort. Future research
should further investigate this aspect.

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